Table 2.

Traditional uses of Amomum villosum and Amomum tsao ko.

Plant parts	Plant spp	Preparation/Ailments	Treatments	References
Leaves and stem	Amomum villosum	Fresh leaves	Animal feed, especially black goat.	[40]
Fruits	Amomum villosum	Dry and mature fruit	Gastrointestinal diseases, gastritis, stomachache, and digestive troubles,	[[48], [49], [50]]
		Xiangshaliujunzi decoction	Dyspepsia and dysentery	[51]
	Amomum tsao-ko	Decoction	Malaria-induced chills, dampness, To alleviate turbidity, flatulence in the lower abdomen, as well as symptoms like vomiting.	[15]
Seeds	Amomum villosum	Decoction, tea, liquor	gastritis, stomachache, and digestive troubles	[52]
	Amomum tsao-ko	Decoction	vomiting, treatment of cholera, alcohol poisoning, tonifying spleen and stomach	[18]