Table 2.

Clinical characteristics of patients with isolated traumatic spine injuries requiring surgery

	Male (N = 29,739)	Female (N = 14,017)	P-value
ISS, median [IQR]	9.0 [5.0–16]	9.0 [5.0–13]	< 0.001
Missing, n (%)	11 (0.0)	5 (0.0)
Head AIS, n (%)			< 0.001
Injury not present	25,283 (85.0)	12,353 (88.1)
1	4456 (15.0)	1664 (11.9)
Face AIS, n (%)			< 0.001
Injury not present	24,363 (81.9)	11,754 (83.9)
1	5376 (18.1)	2263 (16.1)
Neck AIS, n (%)			0.020
Injury not present	29,364 (98.7)	13,801 (98.5)
1	375 (1.3)	216 (1.5)
Spine AIS, n (%)			< 0.001
2	10,923 (36.7)	5371 (38.3)
3	10,309 (34.7)	5945 (42.4)
4	6133 (20.6)	2080 (14.8)
5	2359 (7.9)	616 (4.4)
Missing	15 (0.1)	5 (0.0)
Thorax AIS, n (%)			0.010
Injury not present	27,878 (93.7)	13,229 (94.4)
1	1861 (6.3)	788 (5.6)
Abdomen AIS, n (%)			0.097
Injury not present	28,937 (97.3)	13,599 (97.0)
1	802 (2.7)	418 (3.0)
Upper extremity AIS, n (%)			< 0.001
Injury not present	26,453 (89.0)	12,656 (90.3)
1	3286 (11.0)	1361 (9.7)
Lower extremity AIS, n (%)			0.330
Injury not present	26,917 (90.5)	12,645 (90.2)
1	2822 (9.5)	1372 (9.8)
External/Other AIS, n (%)			0.014
Injury not present	28,435 (95.6)	13,474 (96.1)
1	1304 (4.4)	543 (3.9)
Level of spine injury, n (%)
Cervical	19,018 (63.9)	7796 (55.6)	< 0.001
Thoracic	7943 (26.7)	4115 (29.4)	< 0.001
Lumbar	7684 (25.8)	4225 (30.1)	< 0.001
Spinal cord injury, n (%)
Cervical	10,378 (34.9)	3453 (24.6)	< 0.001
Thoracic	1722 (5.8)	717 (5.1)	0.004
Lumbar	1385 (4.7)	620 (4.4)	0.286
Level of spine surgery, n (%)
Cervical	22,150 (74.5)	9752 (69.6)	< 0.001
Thoracic	15,842 (53.3)	8013 (57.2)	< 0.001
Lumbar	13,159 (44.2)	6787 (48.4)	< 0.001

ISS injury severity score, AIS abbreviated injury severity score