Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data
| Variable | VS N = 108 |
NVS N = 117 |
HV N = 81 |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VS vs NVS | VS vs HV | NVS vs HV | ||||
| Age (yr), median [IQR] | 61.0 [50.3–69.0] | 65.0 [56.0–75.0] | 65.0 [52.5–72.0] | 0.01a | 0.08a | 0.57a |
| Sex (female), n/total N (%) | 31/108 (29%) | 41/117 (35%) | 29/81 (36%) | 0.38b | 0.38b | 0.99b |
| Weight (kg), median [IQR] | 89.2 [80.0–110.0] | 80.0 [70.0–95.5] | 76.0 [65.5–87.1] | < 0.001a | < 0.001a | 0.02a |
| BMI (kg·m−2), median [IQR] | 29.7 [26.1–35.7] | 28.0 [23.6–32.2] | 25.3 [23.0–27.3] | 0.006a | < 0.001a | 0.001a |
| LOS-ICU (days), median [IQR] | 11 [7–26] | 10 [5–22] | - | 0.12a | - | - |
| SOFA at T0 (points), median [IQR] | 4 [3–7] | 9 [7–11] | - | < 0.001a | - | - |
| SOFA at T1 (points), median [IQR] | 4 [3–7] | 8 [5–10] | - | < 0.001a | - | - |
| SOFA at T2 (points), median [IQR] | 4 [2–7] (N = 100) | 5 [2–8] (N = 110) | - | 0.69a | - | - |
| Catecholamine at T1 (yes), n/total N (%) | 27/108 (25%) | 75/117 (64%) | - | < 0.001b | - | - |
| Catecholamine at T2 (yes), n/total N (%) | 34/100 (34%) | 38/110 (35%) | - | 0.99b | - | - |
| Sedation T1 (yes), n/total N (%) | 20/108 (19%) | 55/117 (47%) | - | < 0.001b | - | - |
| Sedation T2 (yes), n/total N (%) | 33/100 (33%) | 39/110 (36%) | - | 0.82b | - | - |
| Ventilation T1 (yes), n/total N (%) | 87/108 (81%) | 64/117 (55%) | - | < 0.001b | - | - |
| Ventilation T2 (yes), n/total N (%) | 62/100 (62%) | 45/110 (41%) | - | 0.004b | - | - |
| SAE: ICU (yes), n/total N (%) | 24/108 (22%) | 70/117 (60%) | - | < 0.001b | - | - |
| Mortality: ICU (nonsurvivor), n/total N (%) | 22/108 (20%) | 18/117 (15%) | - | 0.42b | - | - |
aMann–Whitney U test (P < 0.05 are marked in bold)
bChi square test (with Yates’s continuity correction, P < 0.05 are marked in bold)
Catecholamine: use of any dose of dobutamine, norepinephrine, or epinephrine; Sedation: any dose of a sedative; Ventilation: any duration of invasive or noninvasive ventilation > 6 hours
BMI = body mass index; HV = healthy volunteers; ICU = intensive care unit; IQR = interquartile range; LOS-ICU = length of stay in ICU; NVS = patients with nonviral sepsis; SAE = sepsis-associated encephalopathy; SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment score; T0 = onset of sepsis; T1 = 3 ± 1 days after onset of sepsis; T2 = 7 ± 1 days after onset of sepsis; VS = patients with viral sepsis