Table 2.

SEAL model regression coefficients, equation and indicative example of calculating the risk of serious complication for new patient who will undergo emergency laparotomy

SEAL model coefficients		SEAL model equation	Example
Intercept	– 0.5331	Linear predictor	Hypothetical EL patient:  Albumin: 2.6  BUN: 30  Presents with sepsis  ASA III  Independent functional status No ascites
Albumin	– 0.3193	LP = – 0.5331–0.3193 * albumin + 0.0039 (if BUN ≥ 40) + 0.8956 (if Sepsis or Septic shock) + 0.0418 (if ASA III) + 1.1492 (if ASA IV/V) + 0.7048 (if dependent functional status) + 0.0832 (if ascites)
BUN	0.0039
Sepsis or septic shock	0.8956
ASA III	0.0418	Probability of 30-day serious complication $=\frac{1}{1+e^{-LP}}$	Linear predictor $=-0.5331-0.3193\times 2.6+0.0039\times 0+0.8956\times 1+0.0418\times 1+1.1492\times 0+0.7048\times 0+0.0832\times 0=-0.42588$
ASA IV or V	1.1492
Dependent functional status	0.7048		Predicted risk of serious complication $=\frac{1}{1+e^{0.42588}}=0.395\text{or}39.5\%$
Ascites	0.0832		From the nomogram, this patient would get about 165 points, corresponding to a risk of about 0.4 or 40%

BUN blood urea nitrogen, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, EL emergency laparotomy