Table 2.

Primary and Secondary Outcomes from Individual Studies

Study (first author, year)	Primary outcomes						Secondary outcome
	Operation duration (mins)		Intraoperative blood loss (mL)		Fluoroscopy use (times used, n)		AOFAS score
	3D	Control	3D	Control	3D	Control	3D	Control
Yang, 2016	71 ± 23	98 ± 20	65 ± 26	90 ± 38	n/s	n/s	n/s	n/s
Zheng, 2017	71.4 ± 6.8	91.3 ± 11.2	226.1 ± 22.6	288.7 ± 34.8	5.6 ± 1.9	8.6 ± 2.7	87.6 ± 7.6	85.8 ± 9.0
Zheng, 2018	74.1 ± 8.2	90.2 ± 10.9	117.1 ± 20.7	159.8 ± 26.5	7.6 ± 2.2	11.0 ± 2.9	87.4 ± 8.7	84.7 ± 9.0
Ozturk, 2020	83.3 ± 4.6	130.0 ± 5.8	83.6 ± 4.6	105.1 ± 5.6	6.8 ± 1.4	11.7 ± 1.5	86.1 ± 4.1	84.5 ± 4.9
Dai, 2021	46.7 ± 7.2	55.1 ± 8.8	14.3 ± 5.7	18.7 ± 6.0	9.5 ± 1.8	11.2 ± 1.8	90.4 ± 5.3	87.7 ± 6.4

Primary outcomes include operation duration, intraoperative blood loss and fluoroscopy use. AOFAS score was used as a secondary outcome. n/s not stated