Table 2.
Exploratory factor analysis of the N-GAMS (n = 900 general practitionners).
| Item | Factor loadings | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GS | GRIP | GRID | |
| GS, Gender sensitivity (items scored in reverse R) | |||
| GS12R Differences between male and female patients are so small that physicians can hardly take them into account | 0.65 | − 0.07 | − 0.02 |
| GS4R In non-sex-specific health disorders the sex/gender of the patient is irrelevant | 0.60 | 0.10 | − 0.03 |
| GS14R It is not necessary to consider gender differences in presentation of complaints | 0.57 | 0.09 | − 0.07 |
| GS1R Addressing differences between men and women creates inequity in health care | 0.55 | − 0.03 | − 0.13 |
| GS3R Physicians should only address biological differences between men and women | 0.53 | − 0.11 | 0.00 |
| GS7R Differences between male and female physicians are too small to be relevant | 0.52 | − 0.03 | 0.13 |
| GS9R Physicians who address gender differences are not dealing with the important issues | 0.52 | − 0.07 | − 0.06 |
| GS10R In communicating with patients it does not matter to a physician whether the patients are men or women | 0.52 | 0.10 | 0.09 |
| GS5R A physician should confine as much as possible to biomedical aspects of health complaints of men and women | 0.49 | − 0.11 | − 0.04 |
| GS8R Especially because men and women are different, physicians should treat everybody the same | 0.42 | 0.01 | − 0.06 |
| GS11R In communicating with patients it does not matter whether the physician is a man or a woman | 0.40 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| GS6R Physicians do not need to know what happens in the lives of men and women to be able to deliver medical care | 0.34 | − 0.15 | − 0.02 |
| GS13 For effective treatment, physicians should address gender differences in etiology and consequences of disease | 0.29 | 0.14 | 0.04 |
| GS2 Physicians' knowledge of gender differences in illness and health increases quality of care | 0.29 | − 0.01 | 0.05 |
| GRIP, Gender role ideology towards patients | |||
| GRIP8 Medically unexplained symptoms develop in women because they lament too much about their health | − 0.01 | 0.88 | − 0.09 |
| GRIP9 Female patients complain about their health because they need more attention than male patients | 0.02 | 0.84 | − 0.06 |
| GRIP2 Female patients compared to male patients have unreasonable expectations of physicians | − 0.01 | 0.84 | − 0.06 |
| GRIP6 Women are larger consumers of health care than is actually needed | 0.00 | 0.81 | − 0.05 |
| GRIP5 Male patients are less demanding than female patients | 0.01 | 0.77 | − 0.01 |
| GRIP1 Male patients better understand physicians' measures than female patients | − 0.04 | 0.77 | 0.00 |
| GRIP10 It is easier to find causes of health complaints in men because men communicate in a direct way | − 0.02 | 0.72 | − 0.04 |
| GRIP7 Men do not go to a physician for harmless health problems | − 0.01 | 0.71 | − 0.06 |
| GRIP4 Women expect too much emotional support from physicians | 0.02 | 0.62 | 0.17 |
| GRIP3 Women more frequently than men want to discuss problems with physicians that do not belong in the consultation room | 0.05 | 0.60 | 0.11 |
| GRID, Gender role ideology towards doctors | |||
| GRID8 Compared to female physicians, male physicians are too hurried in their consultations | 0.01 | − 0.05 | 0.81 |
| GRID4 Female physicians are more empathic than male physicians | 0.02 | − 0.13 | 0.79 |
| GRID2 Female physicians extend their consultations too much compared to male physicians | − 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.65 |
| GRID1 Male physicians put too much emphasis on technical aspects of medicine compared to female physicians | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.64 |
| GRID7 Female physicians are too emotionally involved with their patients | − 0.04 | 0.22 | 0.58 |
| Items removed from the exploratory factor analysis | |||
| GRIP11 Men appeal to health care more often with problems they should have prevented | |||
| GRID3 Male physicians are more efficient than female physicians | |||
| GRID5 Female physicians needlessly take into account how a patient experiences disease | |||
| GRID6 Male physicians are better able to deal with the work than female physicians | |||
N-GAMS Nijmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale.
Significant loadings are bold.