Table 3.
Bivariate analysis of demographics and in-hospital mortality.
| No Mortality | Mortality | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 8095 | N = 90 | ||
| Age | 49.6 (20.1) | 70.2 (15.2) | <0.001* |
| Sex: | 0.031* | ||
| Male | 5086 (62.8%) | 67 (74.4%) | |
| Female | 3008 (37.2%) | 23 (25.6%) | |
| Race: | 0.151 | ||
| White | 5893 (78.3%) | 72 (85.7%) | |
| Black | 420 (5.58%) | 7 (8.33%) | |
| Hispanic | 730 (9.69%) | 2 (2.38%) | |
| API | 176 (2.34%) | 1 (1.19%) | |
| Native American | 67 (0.89%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Other | 244 (3.24%) | 2 (2.38%) | |
| Hospital Region: | 0.098 | ||
| New England | 275 (3.40%) | 7 (7.78%) | |
| Mid-Atlantic | 938 (11.6%) | 15 (16.7%) | |
| East North Central | 1285 (15.9%) | 15 (16.7%) | |
| West North Central | 726 (8.97%) | 9 (10.0%) | |
| South Atlantic | 1645 (20.3%) | 12 (13.3%) | |
| East South Central | 725 (8.96%) | 10 (11.1%) | |
| West South Central | 996 (12.3%) | 6 (6.67%) | |
| Mountain | 698 (8.62%) | 5 (5.56%) | |
| Pacific | 807 (9.97%) | 11 (12.2%) | |
| Severity APRDRG: | <0.001* | ||
| 1 (Minor Loss of Function) | 75 (0.93%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| 2 (Moderate Loss of Function) | 314 (3.88%) | 1 (1.11%) | |
| 3 (Major Loss of Function) | 6336 (78.3%) | 12 (13.3%) | |
| 4 (Extreme Loss of Function) | 1370 (16.9%) | 77 (85.6%) | |
| Mortality APRDRG: | <0.001* | ||
| 1 (Minor Likelihood of Dying) | 3593 (44.4%) | 3 (3.33%) | |
| 2 (Moderate Likelihood of Dying) | 2218 (27.4%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| 3 (Major Likelihood of Dying) | 1604 (19.8%) | 18 (20.0%) | |
| 4 (Extreme Likelihood of Dying) | 680 (8.40%) | 69 (76.7%) | |
| Opioid Use Abuse: | 153 (1.89%) | 1 (1.11%) | 1.000 |
| Marijuana Use Abuse: | 265 (3.27%) | 1 (1.11%) | 0.372 |
| ZIP Median Income Quartile: | 0.441 | ||
| 1 (Lowest) | 2234 (28.4%) | 31 (35.2%) | |
| 2 | 2216 (28.1%) | 21 (23.9%) | |
| 3 | 1873 (23.8%) | 22 (25.0%) | |
| 4 (Highest) | 1551 (19.7%) | 14 (15.9%) | |
| Number of Admitted Diagnoses | 12.7 (6.91) | 21.3 (5.72) | <0.001* |
| Expected Payer: | <0.001* | ||
| Medicare | 2178 (27.0%) | 63 (70.0%) | |
| Medicaid | 1097 (13.6%) | 5 (5.56%) | |
| Private | 3317 (41.1%) | 18 (20.0%) | |
| Self-Pay | 638 (7.90%) | 1 (1.11%) | |
| No Charge | 41 (0.51%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Other | 801 (9.92%) | 3 (3.33%) | |
| Approach: | 0.502 | ||
| Anterior | 550 (6.80%) | 4 (4.44%) | |
| Posterior | 7544 (93.2%) | 86 (95.6%) | |
| Days from Admission to Surgery | 2.44 (3.18) | 2.78 (3.35) | 0.345 |
| Length of Stay | 10.4 (9.53) | 12.0 (8.74) | 0.092 |
| Total Charges | $216,308 ($168,459) | $290,562 ($171,405) | <0.001* |
*denotes statistical significance with p < 0.05; Abbreviations: API – Asian Pacific Islander, APRDRG – All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Group.