Table 3.
Baseline characteristics and a comparison of HCT scores according to clinical stages (normal cognition, MCI, mild AD dementia participants)
| Variables | Normal cognition (N = 30) | MCI (N = 38) | AD dementia (N = 17) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 69.63 ± 5.63 | 70.82 ± 5.56 | 71.65 ± 8.46 | 0.561 |
| Female (%) | 26 (86.67%) | 29/38 (76.32%) | 10 (58.82%) | 0.104 |
| Education, yr | 9.73 ± 3.41 | 7.74 ± 3.47 | 8.03 ± 4.29 | 0.059 |
| Hypertension | 16 (53.33%) | 26/38 (68.42%) | 6 (35.29%) | 0.089 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 (36.67%) | 16/38 (48.48%) | 5 (29.41%) | 0.441 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 17 (56.67%) | 11/38 (37.93%) | 5 (29.41%) | 0.131 |
| APOE4 allele (%) | 2 (6.67%) | 11/38 (33.33%) | 9 (52.94%) | 0.001* |
| Volume_amygdala_lt, ml3 | 1.72 ± 0.20 | 1.59 ± 0.27 | 1.72 ± 0.45 | 0.009* |
| Volume_amygdala_rt, ml3 | 1.82 ± 0.28 | 1.74 ± 0.34 | 1.85 ± 0.55 | 0.074 |
| Volume_hippocampus_lt, ml3 | 3.59 ± 0.35 | 3.99 ± 0.46 | 3.42 ± 0.40 | 0.002* |
| Volume_hippocampus_rt, ml3 | 3.78 ± 0.43 | 4.21 ± 0.52 | 3.62 ± 0.45 | 0.004* |
| WMH_volume, ml3 | 4.69 ± 5.56 | 6.11 ± 8.42 | 16.89 ± 16.01 | 0.001* |
| Lacune, n | 0.43 ± 1.04 | 0.97 ± 3.00 | 2.56 ± 4.90 | 0.074 |
| Microbleed, n | 0.47 ± 1.33 | 2.31 ± 8.52 | 4.50 ± 11.72 | 0.232 |
| HCT total score | 26.30 ± 1.49 | 21.72 ± 3.69 | 15.24 ± 4.68 | < 0.001* |
| K-MMSE total score | 28.50 ± 1.41 | 24.79 ± 2.76 | 19.53 ± 3.62 | < 0.001* |
| K-MMSE score_percentile | 58.78 ± 15.46 | 22.41 ± 25.43 | 2.21 ± 7.14 | < 0.001* |
| CDR-Sum of boxes | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 2.03 ± 0.69 | 5.52 ± 2.15 | < 0.001* |
MCI: mild cognitive impairment, AD: Alzheimer’s disease, WMH: white matter hyperintensities, K-MMSE: Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination, HCT: home-based cognitive test; CDR: clinical dementia rating