Table 4.
Prevalence of anaemia among urban ever-married women with background characteristics, NFHS-5 (2019–21), India
| Characteristics | Not Anaemic | Anaemic | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-risk fertility behaviour | |||
| No risk | 46.0 | 54.1 | < 0.001 |
| Single high-risk | 41.6 | 58.4 | |
| Multiple high-risk | 39.8 | 60.2 | |
| Maternal Age | < 0.001 | ||
| 15–24 | 41.4 | 58.6 | |
| 25–34 | 45.8 | 54.2 | |
| 35–49 | 48.0 | 52.1 | |
| Maternal education | < 0.001 | ||
| No education | 40.1 | 59.9 | |
| Primary | 39.0 | 61.1 | |
| Secondary | 43.5 | 56.5 | |
| Higher | 51.5 | 48.5 | |
| Household member | 0.001 | ||
| 1–4 Members | 46.2 | 53.8 | |
| 5–6 Members | 45.4 | 54.6 | |
| 7 + Members | 43.0 | 57.0 | |
| Caste | < 0.001 | ||
| Schedule Caste | 40.0 | 60.0 | |
| Schedule Tribe | 43.6 | 56.4 | |
| Other Backward Class | 46.8 | 53.2 | |
| Others | 45.8 | 54.3 | |
| Religion | < 0.001 | ||
| Hindu | 43.6 | 56.5 | |
| Muslim | 48.4 | 51.6 | |
| Christian | 55.9 | 44.2 | |
| Others | 43.0 | 57.1 | |
| Wealth Status | < 0.001 | ||
| Poor | 36.0 | 64.0 | |
| Middle | 40.3 | 59.7 | |
| Rich | 47.8 | 52.2 | |
| Region | < 0.001 | ||
| North | 43.9 | 56.1 | |
| Central | 45.1 | 54.9 | |
| East | 32.6 | 67.4 | |
| North-east | 45.1 | 54.9 | |
| West | 44.8 | 55.2 | |
| South | 54.0 | 46.0 | |
| Maternal BMI | < 0.001 | ||
| Underweight | 35.5 | 64.6 | |
| Normal | 44.6 | 55.5 | |
| Overweight | 48.9 | 51.1 | |
| Obese | 50.4 | 49.6 | |
| Women's height | < 0.001 | ||
| < 145 cm | 39.9 | 60.1 | |
| > 145 cm | 45.4 | 54.6 | |
| Delivery Type | 0.001 | ||
| Vaginal | 43.7 | 56.3 | |
| C-section | 47.4 | 52.6 | |
| Contraceptive use | < 0.001 | ||
| Not using | 45.9 | 54.1 | |
| Modern methods | 45.1 | 54.9 | |
| Traditional methods | 41.0 | 59.0 | |
| Total | 44.9 | 55.1 | |