Schematic representation of the levels of several biomarkers over time. The baseline (time 0) is immediately following cardiac bypass (CBP). The lines are a schematic of the predicted rise and fall of the biomarkers following CBP as a function of time and when levels become significant enough to cross the threshold for diagnosing acute kidney injury. These patterns and specifically the timeline for diagnosing acute kidney injury, represent ideal circumstances (the shortest possible time interval shown in a clinical study), and not necessarily what will prove to be clinically verifiable.
neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin = urinary neutrophil-associated lipocalin; kidney injury molecule-1= urinary kidney injury molecule; cystatin C= serum cystatin C; [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2]*[IGFBP7]= tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7 (IGFBP7); serum Cr= serum creatinine.78
Modified from Figure 1, from McIlroy DR, Wagener G, Lee HT: Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury: An Evolving Domain. Anesthesiology 2010;112(4):998-1004