Table 2.
Number of patients, mean, standard deviation, pre-post comparison, and effect size of different outcome measures
| N | Pre-treatment | Post-treatment | t | d | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ||||
| BPI Pain intensity | 294 | 5.3 | 1.8 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 3.6*** | 0.205 |
| BPI Pain interference | 294 | 5.6 | 1.9 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 12.6*** | 0.734 |
| HADS-D Anxiety | 294 | 10.0 | 4.1 | 7.3 | 4.1 | 12.8*** | 0.749 |
| HADS-D Depression | 294 | 9.2 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 4.3 | 13.3*** | 0.777 |
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001
N number of patients; M mean; SD standard deviation; t t value; d Cohen’s d; BPI Brief Pain Inventory—German version; HADS-D Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—German version