Table 2.

Multilevel model examining the relationship between stress and HRQoL among PLWH and individuals living without HIV infection

	HIV–uninfected				PwH
	Mental HRQoL		Physical HRQoL		Mental HRQoL		Physical HRQoL
	Estimate (SE)	p value	Estimate (SE)	p value	Estimate (SE)	p value	Estimate (SE)	p value
Within–person fixed effect
Time	0.11 (0.18)	0.52	− 0.19 (0.25)	0.44	− 0.57 (0.23)	0.013	− 0.54 (0.2)	0.008
Random slope
Perceived stress	− 0.57 (0.12)	< 0.001	− 0.22 (0.12)	0.06	− 1.22 (0.12)	< 0.001	− 0.16 (0.09)	0.09
Between–person fixed effects
Age	–	–	− 0.23	0.007	–	–	− 0.05	0.67
Education	− 0.34 (0.39)	0.38	− 0.8 (0.48)	0.09	− 0.66 (0.63)	0.3	0.16 (0.65)	0.81
Socioeconomic statusa	− 0.03 (0.104)	0.81	0.29 (0.15)	0.05	− 0.09 (0.14)	0.5	0.17 (0.13)	0.19
Employment	1.63 (2.03)	0.42	2.92 (1.83)	0.11	0.46 (2.07)	0.83	6.64 (2)	0.001
Global cognitive deficit score	− 0.37 (1.7)	0.83	− 2.62 (1.98)	0.18	− 0.81 (2.24)	0.72	− 0.28 (2.53)	0.91
Metabolic comorbiditiesb	− 1.01 (0.95)	0.29	− 2.26 (1.04)	0.03	–0.39 (1.18)	0.74	− 0.81 (1.2)	0.5
Lifetime psychiatric disorder	− 1.49 (1.93)	0.44	− 4.14 (2.35)	0.08	− 11.25 (2.06)	< 0.001	− 1.66 (2.02)	0.41
Lifetime substance use disorder	− 0.87 (2.1)	0.68	–	–	− 3.22 (2.27)	0.16	–	–

Age was significantly associated with physical HRQoL but not mental HRQoL, and thus excluded from the mental HRQoL model. Lifetime substance use disorder was significantly associated with mental HRQoL but not physical HRQoL and thus excluded from the physical HRQoL model

^aSocioeconomic status was assessed with the Hollingshead Index

^bAverage number of metabolic comorbidities (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia)