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. 2024 Mar 9;7:304. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-05976-2

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Performance accuracy (%) modulated by tDCS from trial block to trial block over consecutive Social Training phase. b Performance accuracy (%) modulated by tDCS from trial block to trial block over consecutive Social Test phase. c Performance accuracy (%) modulated by tDCS from trial block to trial block over consecutive Non-social Training phase. d Performance accuracy (%) modulated by tDCS from trial block to trial block over consecutive Non-social Test phase. e Reaction time (ms) modulated by tDCS from trial block to trial block over consecutive Social Training phase. f Reaction time (ms) modulated by tDCS from trial block to trial block over consecutive Social Test phase. g Reaction time (ms) modulated by tDCS from trial block to trial block over consecutive Non-social Training phase. h Reaction time (ms) modulated by tDCS from trial block to trial block over consecutive Non-social Test phase. The y-axis from (a)–(d) indicates the raw performance data and the y-axis from (e)–(h) indicates reaction time (ms). The significance labels indicate the comparison between Cathode and Sham (on top of the lines), or Anode and Sham (on bottom of the lines). All significance levels were estimated by the average marginal effect across all individuals and time periods in the panel regression. Only significant results are labeled, see Supplementary Table 3−6 for the detailed significance slope comparison results of each block from the model estimation (N = 128: Cathode=42, Sham=44, Anode=42; * indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.005, *** indicates p < 0.001). Error bars indicate standard error of the mean.