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. 2024 Mar 9;14:5783. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56365-y

Table 1.

The characteristics of primary SS and GBS based on the previously published case reports.

Case Age Sex Subtypes of GBS Clinical features of SS Treatment Outcome
19 40 Female NA Positive ANA and anti-SSA/SSB, ultrasound of the parotid glands revealed nonhomogenous glandular tissue IVIG and GC Recovery
210 63 Female AMSAN Positive ANA and anti-SSA/SSB, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, corneal ulcers with severe superficial punctate keratitis, IVIG and GC Recovery
311 41 Female Demyelinating sensorimotor polyradiculoneuropathy Fatigue, polyarthralgia, recurrent oral ulcers, difficulty in swallowing food, anaemia, severe leucopenia, positive ANA, early loss of dentures, no uptake in parotid scintigraphy, positive Schirmer’s test ,and lymphocytic infiltration of minor salivary glands TPE and GC Recovery
412 82 Female AIDP Positive anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, dry eyes and mouth. Abnormal findings from parotid scintigraphy, minor salivary gland biopsy, and Schirmer’s test were compatible with SS TPE, IVIG, and HCQ Recovery
513 26 Male AMAN Positive ANA and anti-SSA antibodies, biopsy of small salivary glands was consistent with SS TPE and IVIG Recovery
614 57 Male Acute motor dominant demyelinating and axonal neuropathy, and could not classify neuropathy into either AMAN or AIDP Xerostomia, xerophthalmia, positive anti-SSA antibody, positive results of Schirmer’s test and a salivary gland biopsy IVIG and GC Improved
715 67 Female Acute pure motor neuropathy, which is similar to axonal type GBS Xerostomia, xerophthalmia, positive ANA and anti-SSA antibody, positive results of Schirmer’s test and a salivary gland biopsy, salivary scintigraphy revealed strong dysfunction. A sialogram of the parotid gland revealed punctate collections of contrast medium (more than 1 mm) IVIG and GC Improved
816 42 Female AMSAN Xerostomia, xerophthalmia, positive anti-SSA antibody, abnormal salivary scintigraphy, positive results of Schirmer’s test and a salivary gland biopsy IVIG, GC, and HCQ Improved
917 40 Female Acute GBS* NA TPE, AZA after pulse CYC Recovery
1017 39 Female Acute GBS* NA TPE, AZA and GC after pulse CYC Recovery
1117 64 Female Acute GBS* NA IVIG, GC, and HCQ Recovery

*Of 3 patients with acute GBS, 2 patients had acute demyelinating type, and 1 was with motor axonal-type polyradiculoneuritis.

TPE therapeutic plasma exchange, IVIG intravenous immunoglobulin, AZA azathioprine, CYC cyclophosphamide, GC glucocorticoid, HCQ hydroxychloroquine.