Table 3.

Indicator system for evaluating classroom teaching quality at a university in Shandong province.

Primary indicator	Secondary indicator	Tertiary indicator (Classroom observation point)
Classroom teaching quality	(1) Teaching skills	(1) The lecture relates theory to practice, with appropriate and vivid examples, and well-designed problems
		(2) The teacher has a proficient grasp of course content and practical operation skills.
	(2) Teaching attitude	(3) The teacher is enthusiastic and able to deliver the lecture without reading from notes
	(3) Professional ethics	(4) There is frequent communication between the teacher and students, with guidance provided on both academic and moral matters
		(5) The teacher shows concern for and provides guidance to students who have difficulty learning
		(6) The teacher listens to and responds to feedback from students
	(4) Teaching methods	(7) The teacher’s teaching methods promote ideological and political education
	(5) Teaching content	(8) The teacher’s emphasis, language, and clarity of organization during lectures, and the quality of multimedia courseware are good
		(9) The teacher is fully prepared for classes and has a proficient understanding of course content
	(6) Teaching organization	(10) The teacher’s classroom organization and management skills are good
	(7) Classroom situation	(11) Homework assignments and grading are done in a timely manner, with guidance and assistance provided to students
	(8) Student engagement	(12) Students exhibit good order during lectures or practical activities