Table 2.

Prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to type I IFNs in 184 COVID-19 patients, stratified by disease severity, age, or sex

10 ng/ml						100 pg/ml
Severity	No. of patients	IFN-α2	IFN-ω	IFN-α2 and IFN-ω	IFN-α2 or IFN-ω	IFN-α2	IFN-ω	IFN-α2 and IFN-ω	IFN-α2 or IFN-ω
Life-threatening	85	7(8.2%[4.0–16.0])	4(4.7%[1.8–11.5])	3(3.5%[1.0–9.9])	8(9.4%[4.8–17.5])	9(10.6%[5.7–18.9])	8(9.4%[4.8–17.5])	8(9.4%[4.8–17.5])	10(11.8%[6.5–20.3])
Moderate	50	1(2.0%[0.1–10.5])	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	1(2.0%[0.1–10.5])	1(2.0%[0.1–10.5])	1(2.0%[0.1–10.5])	0(0.0%)	2(4.0%[0.7–13.5])
Mild	49	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)
Total	184	8(4.3%[2.2–8.3])	4(2.2%[0.8–5.5])	3(1.6%[0.4–4.7])	9(4.9%[2.6–9.0])	10(5.4%[3.0–9.7])	9(4.9%[2.6–9.0])	8(4.3%[2.2–8.3])	12(6.5%[3.8–11.1])
Age	No. of patients	IFN-α2	IFN-ω	IFN-α2 and IFN-ω	IFN-α2 or IFN-ω	IFN-α2	IFN-ω	IFN-α2 and IFN-ω	IFN-α2 or IFN-ω
0–59	70	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	1(1.4%[0.1–7.7])	0(0.0%)	1(1.4%[0.1–7.7])
60–69	21	1(4.8%[0.2–22.7])	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	1(4.8%[0.2–22.7])	1(4.8%[0.2–22.7])	1(4.8%[0.2–22.7])	1(4.8%[0.2–22.7])	1(4.8%[0.2–22.7])
70–79	26	1(3.8%[0.2–18.9])	1(3.8%[0.2–18.9])	1(3.8%[0.2–18.9])	1(3.8%[0.2–18.9])	1(3.8%[0.2–18.9])	1(3.8%[0.2–18.9])	1(3.8%[0.2–18.9])	1(3.8%[0.2–18.9])
80-	67	6(9.0%[4.2–18.2])	3(4.5%[1.2–12.4])	2(3.0%[0.5–10.2])	7(10.4%[5.2–20.0])	8(11.9%[6.2–21.8])	6(9.0%[4.2–18.2])	6(9.0%[4.2–18.2])	9(13.4%[7.2–23.6])
Sex	No. of patients	IFN-α2	IFN-ω	IFN-α2 and IFN-ω	IFN-α2 or IFN-ω	IFN-α2	IFN-ω	IFN-α2 and IFN-ω	IFN-α2 or IFN-ω
Female	68	2(2.9%[0.5–10.1])	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	2(2.9%[0.5–10.1])	3(4.4%[1.2–12.2])	2(2.9%[0.5–10.1])	2(2.9%[0.5–10.1])	3(4.4%[1.2–12.2])
Male	116	6(5.2%[2.4–10.8])	4(3.4%[1.3–8.5])	3(2.6%[0.7–7.3])	7(6.0%[3.0–12.0])	7(6.0%[3.0–11.9])	7(6.0%[3.0–11.9])	6(5.2%[2.4–10.8])	9(7.8%[4.1–14.1])