Table 3.
Gender norms among the study sample of adolescent students by some sociodemographic factors
| Variable | Acceptance of romantic relationships | Sexual double standard | Stereotypical gender traits | Stereotypical gender roles | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less agreement (< the peer mean score) N (%) |
More agreement (≥ the peer mean score) | Less agreement (< the peer mean score) N (%) |
More agreement (≥ the peer mean score) N (%) |
Less agreement (< the peer mean score) N (%) |
More agreement (≥ the peer mean score) N (%) |
Less agreement (< the peer mean score) N (%) |
More agreement (≥ the peer mean score) N (%) |
|
| Age | ||||||||
| Mean +/− SD | 12.67 ± 1.67 | 12.87 ± 1.68 | 12.58 ± 1.65 | 12.89 ± 1.69 | 12.88 ± 1.72 | 12.70 ± 1.65 | 13.05 ± 1.77 | 12.60 ± 1.60 |
| P-value | 0.148 | 0.065 | 0.395 | 0.021* | ||||
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Primary | 89 (54.9) | 73 (45.1) | 69 (42.6) | 93 (57.4) | 64 (39.5) | 98 (60.5) | 49 (30.2) | 113 (69.8) |
| Preparatory | 71 (44.1) | 90 (55.9) | 64 (39.8) | 97 (60.2) | 55 (34.2) | 106 (65.8) | 56 (34.8) | 105 (65.2) |
| Secondary | 39 (50.6) | 38 (49.4) | 23 (29.9) | 54 (70.1) | 38 (49.4) | 39 (50.6) | 42 (54.5) | 35 (45.5) |
| P-value | 0.148 | 0.164 | 0.080 | 0.001 | ||||
| Educational level of the father | ||||||||
| Illiterate/literacy classes | 24 (58.5) | 17 (41.5) | 11 (26.8) | 30 (73.2) | 14 (34.1) | 27 (65.9) | 5 (12.2) | 36 (87.8) |
| Basic education | 12 (42.9) | 16 (57.1) | 13 (46.4) | 15 (53.6) | 9 (32.1) | 19 (67.9) | 15 (53.6) | 13 (46.4) |
| Secondary/technical | 85 (48.0) | 92 (52.0) | 54 (30.5) | 123 (69.5) | 67 (37.9) | 110 (62.1) | 57 (32.2) | 120 (67.8) |
| University degree/higher | 78 (50.6) | 76 (49.4) | 78 (50.6) | 76 (49.4) | 67 (43.5) | 87 (56.5) | 70 (45.5) | 84 (54.5) |
| P-value | 0.056 | 0.001* | 0.502 | < 0.001* | ||||
| Educational level of the mother | ||||||||
| Illiterate/literacy classes | 24 (53.3) | 21 (46.7) | 14 (31.1) | 31 (68.9) | 9 (20.0) | 36 (80.0) | 6 (13.3) | 39 (86.7) |
| Basic education | 17 (47.2) | 19 (52.8) | 11 (30.6) | 25 (69.4) | 17 (47.2) | 19 (52.8) | 12 (33.3) | 24 (66.7) |
| Secondary/technical | 91 (47.2) | 102 (52.8) | 73 (37.8) | 120 (62.2) | 69 (35.8) | 124 (64.2) | 61 (31.6) | 132 (68.4) |
| University degree/higher | 67 (53.2) | 59 (46.8) | 58 (46.0) | 68 (54.0) | 62 (49.2) | 64 (50.8) | 68 (54.0) | 58 (46.0) |
| P-value | 0.967 | 0.173 | 0.003* | < 0.001* | ||||
| Working status of the father | ||||||||
| Working for cash | 193 (49.7) | 195 (50.3) | 151 (38.9) | 237 (61.1) | 152 (39.2) | 236 (60.8) | 141 (36.3) | 247 (63.7) |
| Not working for cash/unemployed | 6 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) | 5 (41.7) | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | 7 (58.3) | 6 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) |
| P-value | 0.986 | 1.000# | 1.000# | 0.370# | ||||
| Working status of the mother | ||||||||
| Working for cash | 60 (50.8) | 58 (49.2) | 56 (47.5) | 62 (52.5) | 53 (44.9) | 65 (55.1) | 60 (50.8) | 58 (49.2) |
| Not working for cash/housewife | 139 (49.3) | 143 (50.7) | 100 (35.5) | 182 (64.5) | 104 (36.9) | 178 (63.1) | 87 (30.9) | 195 (69.1) |
| P-value | 0.776 | 0.02* | 0.133 | < 0.001* | ||||
| Family structure | ||||||||
| Living with two parents | 183 (49.9) | 184 (50.1) | 143 (39.0) | 224 (61.0) | 147 (40.1) | 220 (59.9) | 138 (37.6) | 229 (62.4) |
| Other¤ | 16 (48.5) | 17 (51.5) | 13 (34.4) | 20 (60.6) | 10 (30.3) | 23 (60.7) | 9 (27.3) | 24 (72.7) |
| P-value | 0.879 | 0.961 | 0.238 | 0.238 | ||||
#Fisher’s exact test. *Significant. ¤Single parent or another caregiver