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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 11.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Aug 15;230(3 Suppl):S1014–S1026. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.03.016

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Manual rotation of the head without first determining the relative position of the fetal shoulders increases the risk that inappropriate torque will be placed on the neck. When combined with lateral traction, avulsions of the upper plexus can result, as occurred in this delivery. Failure to allow for spontaneous restitution following the delivery of the head increases the likelihood of shoulder dystocia.