Table 2.
Hazard Ratios for the Associations Between Sleep Continuity Exposures and All-cause Mortality
| N (%) | Deaths | HR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wake after sleep onset (WASO), min | <30’ | 19 535 (22.1) | 631 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 30–44’ | 29 248 (33.1) | 968 | 1.01 (0.91, 1.12) | |
| 45–59’ | 20 839 (23.6) | 710 | 1.00 (0.90, 1.12) | |
| ≥60’ | 18 660 (21.1) | 664 | 0.98 (0.88, 1.10) | |
| p | 0.99 | |||
| Sleep efficiency, % | >93% | 21 644 (24.5) | 647 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 91%–93% | 27 176 (30.8) | 850 | 1.01 (0.92, 1.12) | |
| 86%–90% | 27 189 (30.8) | 933 | 1.03 (0.93, 1.14) | |
| ≤85.0% | 12 273 (13.9) | 543 | 1.15 (1.02, 1.29) | |
| p | 0.31 | |||
| 5’ awakenings per night, n | <1.0 | 40 943 (46.4) | 1329 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 1.0–1.9 | 26 679 (28.0) | 858 | 1.01 (0.93, 1.10) | |
| 2.0–2.9 | 12 240 (13.9) | 413 | 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) | |
| ≥3.0 | 10 420 (11.8) | 373 | 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) | |
| p | 0.64 | |||
| Nights per week with WASO > 30 min, n | 0 to 1 | 11 494 (13.0) | 356 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 2 to 3 | 12 804 (14.5) | 447 | 1.12 (0.97, 1.28) | |
| 4 to 6 | 38 299 (43.4) | 1349 | 1.07 (0.95, 1.20) | |
| 7 | 25 685 (29.1) | 821 | 0.99 (0.88, 1.13) | |
| p | 0.84 |
Hazard ratios adjusted for age + sex + race-ethnicity + education + employment status + Townsend deprivation index + BMI + smoking status + moderate-vigorous physical activity + tea intake + coffee intake + diabetes + blood pressure + emphysema + general health + disability + cardiovascular disease + chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
p-value is for the overall association between each sleep characteristic and mortality.
Bold values indicate statistically significant associations.