Table 1.
Development and survival parameters for SLF on single or mixed diet treatments. .
| Treatment | Mean nymphal development time (d ± SEM) |
Survival to adult (%) | Adult survival (d ± SEM)1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grape/Grape | 90.7 ± 1.6 | 24 | 45.2 ± 5.9ab |
| Grape/Apple | 96.1 ± 2.2 | 14 | 22.9 ± 3.6bc |
| Grape/Maple | 92.6 ± 2.9 | 21 | 20.6 ± 2.4c |
| Grape/Peach | n/a | 0 | n/a |
| Grape/Tree of heaven | 88.3 ± 1.0 | 38 | 46.5 ± 5.5a |
| Grape/Walnut | 87.7 ± 1.9 | 41 | 32.1 ± 3.3abc |
| Walnut/Walnut | 95.4 ± 4.3 | 5.6 | 8.6 ± 3.1c |
| Walnut/Apple | 93.8 ± 1.6 | 6.7 | 10.0 ± 3.1c |
| Walnut/Maple | 101.7 ± 2.0 | 3.7 | 4.7 ± 2.33c |
| Walnut/Peach | 93.2 ± 4.6 | 5.6 | 5.0 ± 1.9c |
| Walnut/Tree of heaven | 87.0 ± 1.3 | 36.7 | 31.6 ± 4.2abc |
Single diets included two plants of the same species. Nymphal development time calculated as time required to go from first hatch until adult emergence reported in days (d) ± standard error of the mean (SEM). All SLF in the grape/peach treatment died before completing nymphal development. Development time was significant, but no pairwise differences were observed (F9,180 = 2.535, p = 0.009; ANOVA, Tukey HSD). Survival times in the adult survival column followed by the same letter are not significantly different from one another at α=0.05. n/a, not applicable; all SLF in this treatment died before completing all four nymphal stages.