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Predicted area of host trees affected over time if polyphagous shot hole borer has a wide host range. (A–I) show all resolved cases at time periods 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50, respectively. Resolved cases are infested trees that have received treatment and are no longer susceptible to attack. Spread was most pronounced during the first 30 years of the simulation before slowing considerably as susceptible trees became scarcer.
