Table 2.

Parameters used in simulated polyphagous shot hole borer spread and management costs.

Parameter	Treatment
	Removal and replanting	Pruning and bell injections
Area initially infested, $A^{\text{min}}$ (ha). a	1	1
Average number of trees for which an infested tree will be the source of subsequent infestation, $\alpha$ (#). b	Wide host range 1.3 Narrow host range 0.4	Wide host range 1.3 Narrow host range 0.4
Capital cost of treating an infested tree, $T$ ($). c	Triangular(850,1500,4850)	37.5
Discount rate, $\upsilon$ (%). d	Uniform(3,7)	Uniform(3,7)
Ecosystem services produced by an average urban forest tree, $E$ ($). e	Uniform(2.3,5.2)	Uniform(2.3,5.2)
Hourly wage rate of responders, $W$ ($). a	50	50
Labor hours required to administer treatment to an infested tree, $\omega$ (#). a	0.25	Triangular(1,2,3)
Maximum tree volume, $v^{\text{max}}$ (%). a	100	100
Minimum post-treatment tree volume, $v^{\text{min}}$ (%). a	Uniform(1,5)	Uniform(40,80)
Total number of host trees, $N$ (#). f	Wide host range 142,288 Narrow host range 40,362	Wide host range 142,288 Narrow host range 40,362
Total number of susceptible trees at time $t=0$ , $S_{t_0}$ (#). a	Wide host range 142,287 Narrow host range 40,361	Wide host range 142,287 Narrow host range 40,361
Tree growth constant, $g$ (%). g	Uniform(4,5)	Uniform(4,5)

^aPlausible value.

^bThe average number of susceptible trees per hectare in the study area was 0.3 ha^-1 in the wide host range scenario and 0.1 ha^-1 in the narrow host range scenario (4). Given the relatively short flight distances observed in the E. fornicatus species complex (21), a square lattice was used with a 0.5 ha cell size and a Moore neighborhood structure (31), consisting of a source cell and the eight cells that surround it.

^cCosts of tree removal and replacement provided in Treeswest (32). Costs of pruning and bell injections assumed biennial emamectin benzoate trunk injections (33) in conjunction with removal and disposal of necrotic limbs (24).

^dCommonwealth Of Australia (34).

^eUSDA Forest Service (26).

^fDepartment Of Primary Industries And Regional Development (4).

^gMcmahon and Parker (35).