Table 2.
Further measures of location and dispersion – healthcare costs pre- and post-COVID-19 based on health insurance claims data from 2020 and 2021 (shown values: median (range) a in €)
| CG 1 n = 4007 |
IG 1 n = 4007 |
CG 2 n = 536 |
IG 2 n = 536 |
CG 3 n = 3471 |
IG 3 sn = 3471 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 (t0) | ||||||
| Total healthcare costs | 806 (-4142–279465) | 820 (0–214806) | 961 (0–125284) | 1029 (0–55495) | 790 (-4142–279465) | 779 (0–214806) |
| Hospital costs | 0 (-102–112939) | 0 (-264–131337) | 0 (0–87902) | 0 (0–21345) | 0 (-102–112939) | 0 (-264–131337) |
| Costs of outpatient med. care | 348 (0–16411) | 360 (0–8345) | 398 (0–s16411) | 493 (0–8203) | 340 (0–13956) | 345 (0–8345) |
| Drug costs | 36 (-46–52002) | 38 (-1–130146) | 40 (0–52002) | 57 (0–46474) | 36 (-46–42329) | 35 (-1–130146) |
| Costs of sick pay | 0 (-5589–26001) | 0 (-1169–30741) | 0 (0–24373) | 0 (0–30741) | 0 (-5589–26001) | 0 (-1169–26015) |
| Other healthcare costs | 153 (-12–238344) | 167 (0–212903) | 181 (0–39418) | 205 (0–30676) | 150 (-12–238344) | 163 (0–212903) |
| 2021 (t1) | ||||||
| Total healthcare costs | 811 (0–255982) | 1037 (14–272368) | 888 (0–85724) | 2146 (118–111845) | 804 (118–255982) | 946 (14–272368) |
| Hospital costs | 0 (0–91893) | 0 (0–233180) | 0 (0–53149) | 0 (0–102705) | 0 (0–91893) | 0 (0–233180) |
| Costs of outpatient med. care | 348 (0–10337) | 491 (0–16119) | 376 (0–10337) | 775 (103–10812) | 345 (103–10053) | 456 (0–16119) |
| Drug costs | 36 (0–63880) | 43 (0–170868) | 41 (0–47751) | 100 (0–17230) | 35 (0–63880) | 37 (0–170868) |
| Costs of sick pay | 0 (0–30593) | 0 (-677–34364) | 0 (0–27693) | 0 (-677–30169) | 0 (-677–30593) | 0 (0–34364) |
| Other healthcare costs | 166 (0–232015) | 180 (0–103439) | 165 (0–40697) | 334 (0–32889) | 166 (0–232015) | 165 (0–103439) |
Abbreviations: CG 1–3 Control group to IG 1–3, IG 1 Investigation group in total, IG 2 Investigation group including Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) patients only, IG 3 Investigation group excluding PCS patients, n sample size
aIn a few cases, the minima were negative. This is for accounting reasons. There are occasional refunds of amounts that have been paid in excess by the health insurance company. If the refund is made in a different year than the payment, there may be negative costs in the respective cost areas, namely if the refund amount is higher than the costs incurred in the billing year