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. 2024 Mar 11;25(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s10194-024-01741-2

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Relationship between glymphatic system impairment, sleep disturbance and headache. Poor sleep can determine an impairment in the glymphatic flow which, in turn, leads to the accumulation of neuroexcitatory and pro-inflammatory chemicals involved in the development of headache. Headache itself can, directly or indirectly (via a dysfunction of the glymphatic system) exacerbate sleep disturbances