Table 4.
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance determinants in the PCV pre- and post-uptake time periods
|
No. (%) of isolates with resistance determinants†,‡ |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Antimicrobial* |
Pre-uptake |
Post-uptake |
P§ |
|
PEN |
33 (16) |
139 (71) |
4.40×10−16 |
|
ERY |
20 (10) |
148 (75) |
4.40×10−16 |
|
SXT |
175 (85) |
183 (93) |
0.024 |
|
FQ |
4 (2) |
21 (11) |
7.86×10−4 |
|
TET |
90 (44) |
152 (77) |
2.97×10−11 |
|
MDR |
36 (18) |
148 (75) |
4.40×10−16 |
|
Total |
205 |
197 |
|
*Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genome sequences based on the presence of resistance determinants including mutations and acquired genes. PEN=penicillin, ERY=erythromycin, SXT=co-trimoxazole, FQ=fluoroquinolone, TET=tetracycline, MDR=resistant to ≥3 of these antimicrobials.
†The pre- and post-uptake time periods were defined as in Fig. 1.
‡Total number of pre-uptake isolates for PEN is 204 due to one non-assigned isolate (four intermediate and fully resistant isolates are considered as resistant for SXT).
§Test that the resistance proportion is equal in the pre- and post-uptake periods. P-values were adjusted for multiple testing by the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure.