Table 1.

Demographic Information for the Three Cohorts (Non-Astigmatic Controls, Astigmats, and Participants with Keratoconus)

	Non-Astigmatic Participants (N= 32)	Astigmatic Participants (N= 23)	Keratoconic Participants (N=22 eyes)
Females	N= 26 (81%)	N= 17 (74%)	N= 7 (13 eyes, 59%)
Males	N= 6 (19%)	N= 6 (26%)	N= 6 (9 eyes, 41%)
Age (years)	24.1 ± 5.0 Range: 18–43	36.2 ± 12.6 Range: 18–43	36.1 ± 11.9 Range: 18–58
Spherical refractive error (Diopters)	−1.20 ± 1.80 Range: +0.30 to −4.80	−1.74 ± 3.26 Range: 0.00 to −7.25	−2.43 ± 4.10 Range: 0.00 to −7.25
Cylindrical refractive error (Diopters)	−0.20 ± 0.30 Range: 0.00 to −0.75	−2.30 ± 0.78 Range: −1.00 to −4.00	−3.40 ± 2.28 Range: 0.00 to −10.75
Visual Acuity (LogMAR)	0.00 ± 0.01 Range: 0.00 to 0.05	0.02 ± 0.04 Range: 0.00 to 0.12	0.18 ± 0.17 Range: 0.00 to 0.74

Note: The mean values, standard deviations, and range for each category are presented.