Table 1. Demographic characteristics by intervention condition at baseline.
| Characteristics | Patients | Families and friends | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 23) |
FAMILY (n = 11) |
Control (n = 12) |
Testa p-value |
Total (n = 23) |
FAMILY (n = 11) |
Control (n = 12) |
Testa p-value |
|
| Age in years, M (SD) | 56.22 (9.44) | 55.45 (11.45) | 56.92 (7.62) | 0.725 | 54.62 (11.18) | 48.18 (11.04) | 61.7 (5.98) | 0.003 |
| Gender, n (%) | 1 | 0.525 | ||||||
| Female | 11 (47.83) | 5 (45.45) | 6 (50.00) | 12 (52.17) | 7 (63.60) | 5 (41.70) | ||
| Male | 12 (52.17) | 6 (54.50) | 6 (50.00) | 11 (47.83) | 4 (36.40) | 7 (58.30) | ||
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.014 | 1 | ||||||
| Currently married or living as married | 18 (78.26) | 6 (54.50) | 12 (100.00) | 21 (91.30) | 10 (90.90) | 11 (91.70) | ||
| Currently not married | 5 (21.74) | 5 (45.50) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (8.70) | 1 (9.10) | 1 (8.30) | ||
| Education, n (%) | 0.208 | 0.175 | ||||||
| Never attended school or only attended kindergarten | 1 (4.35) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (8.30) | |||||
| Elementary | 10 (43.48) | 4 (36.40) | 6 (50.00) | 7 (30.43) | 3 (27.30) | 4 (33.30) | ||
| Some high school | 2 (8.70) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (16.70) | 1 (4.35) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (8.30) | ||
| High school graduate | 3 (13.04) | 1 (9.10) | 2 (16.70) | 8 (34.78) | 2 (18.20) | 6 (50.00) | ||
| Some college or technical school | 4 (17.39) | 3 (27.30) | 1 (8.30) | 3 (13.04) | 2 (18.20) | 1 (8.30) | ||
| College graduate | 3 (13.04) | 3 (27.30) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (13.04) | 3 (27.30) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Refused to answer | 1 (4.35) | 1 (9.10) | 0 (0.00) | |||||
| Annual household income, n (%) | 0.348 | 0.077 | ||||||
| <US $25,000 | 15 (65.22) | 6 (54.50) | 9 (75.00) | 12 (52.17) | 3 (27.30) | 9 (75.00) | ||
| US $25,000-US $55,000 | 5 (21.74) | 2 (18.20) | 3 (25.00) | 7 (30.43) | 4 (36.40) | 3 (25.00) | ||
| US $55,000 | 2 (8.70) | 2 (18.20) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (8.70) | 2 (18.20) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Declined to answer or don’t know | 1 (4.35) | 1 (9.10) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (8.70) | 2 (18.20) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Employment status, n (%) | 0.807 | 0.094 | ||||||
| Employed full time | 5 (21.74) | 2 (18.20) | 3 (25.00) | 4 (17.39) | 3 (27.30) | 1 (8.30) | ||
| Part-time (one job) | 4 (17.39) | 1 (9.10) | 3 (25.00) | 5 (21.74) | 3 (27.30) | 2 (16.70) | ||
| Self-employed | 1 (4.35) | 1 (9.10) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (8.70) | 1 (9.10) | 1 (8.30) | ||
| Not employed, not working | 5 (21.74) | 3 (27.30) | 2 (16.70) | 5 (21.74) | 3 (27.30) | 2 (16.70) | ||
| Retired | 8 (34.78) | 4 (36.40) | 4 (33.30) | 6 (26.09) | 0 (0.00) | 6 (50.00) | ||
| Foreign born, n (%) | 23 (100.00) | 11 (100.00) | 12 (100.00) | 1 | 23 (100.00) | 11 (100.00) | 12 (100.00) | 1 |
| English proficiency, n (%) | 0.236 | 0.489 | ||||||
| Very well | 1 (4.35) | 1 (9.10) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (4.35) | 1 (9.10) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Well | 2 (8.70) | 2 (18.20) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (8.70) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (16.70) | ||
| Not well | 12 (52.17) | 4 (36.40) | 8 (66.70) | 13 (56.52) | 7 (63.60) | 6 (50.00) | ||
| Not at all | 8 (34.78) | 4 (36.40) | 4 (33.30) | 6 (26.09) | 2 (18.20) | 4 (33.30) | ||
| Duration of residency in years, M (SD) | 20.37 (11.91) | 18.00 (10.89) | 22.54 (12.85) | 0.370 | 15.00 (7.75, 30.00) | 10.00 (7.00, 11.00) | 22.50 (15.00, 30.00) | 0.112 |
| Relationship to patients, n (%) | - | 0.105 | ||||||
| Spouse | - | - | - | - | 17 (73.91) | 6 (54.50) | 11 (91.70) | |
| Adult Children | - | - | - | - | 3 (13.04) | 3 (27.30) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Others (siblings & aids) | - | - | - | - | 3 (13.04) | 2 (18.20) | 1 (8.30) | |
| Hemoglobin a1c, Median (Q1, Q3) | 7.70 (7.20, 8.65) | 7.70 (7.35, 8.90) | 7.75 (7.10, 8.53) | 0.711 | - | - | - | - |
| Weight (lbs.), M (SD) for patients/Median (Q1, Q3)for families and friends | 158.65 (25.27) | 157.27 (22.91) | 159.92 (28.21) | 0.807 | 144.00 (130.50, 159.00) | 144.50 (130.00, 158.50) | 144.00 (136.50, 162.00) | 0.947 |
Note. normal data is summarized using M(SD), non-normal data is summarized using Median (Q1, Q3). aTwo sample t-test for continuous variables; Wilcoxon rank sum test for non-normal data; Fisher exact test for categorical variables. Significance is set at p < 0.05 and is in bold.