Table 3. Results of linear mixed regression analyses: Total change from baseline to 3 months, 3 months to 6 months, and baseline to 6 months in patients’ primary and secondary outcomes.
| FAMILY | Control | Difference of change (FAMILY—Control) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | 95%CI | p-value | Estimate | 95%CI | p-value | Estimate | 95%CI | p-value | |
| Hemoglobin A1c | |||||||||
| 0 to 3 Months | -0.61 | (-1.11, -0.12) | 0.014 | -0.44 | (-0.90, 0.03) | 0.064 | -0.18 | (-0.85, 0.50) | 0.611 |
| 3 to 6 Months | -0.61 | (-1.11, -0.12) | 0.014 | -0.44 | (-0.90, 0.03) | 0.064 | -0.18 | (-0.85, 0.50) | 0.611 |
| 0 to 6 Months | -1.23 | (-2.21, -0.24) | 0.014 | -0.88 | (-1.81, 0.05) | 0.064 | -0.35 | (-1.70, 1.00) | 0.611 |
| Weight (lbs.) | |||||||||
| 0 to 3 Months | -5.84 | (-12.35, 0.67) | 0.079 | -2.37 | (-8.84, 4.09) | 0.472 | -3.46 | (-12.64, 5.71) | 0.459 |
| 3 to 6 Months | -5.84 | (-12.35, 0.67) | 0.079 | -2.37 | (-8.84, 4.09) | 0.472 | -3.46 | (-12.64, 5.71) | 0.459 |
| 0 to 6 Months | -11.68 | (-24.71, 1.35) | 0.079 | -4.75 | (-17.68, 8.18) | 0.472 | -6.93 | (-25.28, 11.43) | 0.459 |
| Fruits intake | |||||||||
| 0 to 3 Months | 0.04 | (-0.18, 0.26) | 0.716 | 0.04 | (-0.18, 0.25) | 0.752 | 0.01 | (-0.30, 0.32) | 0.970 |
| 3 to 6 Months | 0.04 | (-0.18, 0.26) | 0.716 | 0.04 | (-0.18, 0.25) | 0.752 | 0.01 | (-0.30, 0.32) | 0.970 |
| 0 to 6 Months | 0.08 | (-0.36, 0.52) | 0.716 | 0.07 | (-0.37, 0.51) | 0.752 | 0.01 | (-0.61, 0.63) | 0.970 |
| Vegetable intake | |||||||||
| 0 to 3 Months | 0.20 | (-0.09, 0.49) | 0.170 | 0.29 | (0.00, 0.57) | 0.051 | -0.08 | (-0.49, 0.33) | 0.691 |
| 3 to 6 Months | 0.20 | (-0.09, 0.49) | 0.170 | 0.29 | (0.00, 0.57) | 0.051 | -0.08 | (-0.49, 0.33) | 0.691 |
| 0 to 6 Months | 0.41 | (-0.17, 0.99) | 0.170 | 0.57 | (0.00, 1.15) | 0.051 | -0.17 | (-0.98, 0.65) | 0.691 |
| Refined grains intake | |||||||||
| 0 to 3 Months | -0.05 | (-0.24, 0.15) | 0.633 | -0.16 | (-0.35, 0.04) | 0.111 | 0.11 | (-0.16, 0.38) | 0.433 |
| 3 to 6 Months | -0.05 | (-0.24, 0.15) | 0.633 | -0.16 | (-0.35, 0.04) | 0.111 | 0.11 | (-0.16, 0.38) | 0.433 |
| 0 to 6 Months | -0.09 | (-0.48, 0.29) | 0.633 | -0.31 | (-0.70, 0.07) | 0.111 | 0.22 | (-0.33, 0.76) | 0.433 |
| Whole wheat intake | |||||||||
| 0 to 3 Months | 0.08 | (-0.22, 0.38) | 0.592 | -0.16 | (-0.46, 0.14) | 0.291 | 0.24 | (-0.18, 0.66) | 0.261 |
| 3 to 6 Months | 0.08 | (-0.22, 0.38) | 0.592 | -0.16 | (-0.46, 0.14) | 0.291 | 0.24 | (-0.18, 0.66) | 0.261 |
| 0 to 6 Months | 0.16 | (-0.44, 0.77) | 0.592 | -0.32 | (-0.91, 0.27) | 0.291 | 0.48 | (-0.36, 1.33) | 0.261 |
| Sugary drinks intake_ | |||||||||
| 0 to 3 Months | -0.15 | (-0.29, -0.02) | 0.024 | -0.11 | (-0.24, 0.02) | 0.096 | -0.04 | (-0.23, 0.14) | 0.637 |
| 3 to 6 Months | -0.15 | (-0.29, -0.02) | 0.024 | -0.11 | (-0.24, 0.02) | 0.096 | -0.04 | (-0.23, 0.14) | 0.637 |
| 0 to 6 Months | -0.31 | (-0.58, -0.04) | 0.024 | -0.22 | (-0.48, 0.04) | 0.096 | -0.09 | (-0.46, 0.28) | 0.637 |
| Starchy intake | |||||||||
| 0 to 3 Months | -0.04 | (-0.14, 0.07) | 0.513 | 0.00 | (-0.10, 0.11) | 0.970 | -0.04 | (-0.19, 0.11) | 0.621 |
| 3 to 6 Months | -0.04 | (-0.14, 0.07) | 0.513 | 0.00 | (-0.10, 0.11) | 0.970 | -0.04 | (-0.19, 0.11) | 0.621 |
| 0 to 6 Months | -0.07 | (-0.28, 0.14) | 0.513 | 0.00 | (-0.20, 0.21) | 0.970 | -0.07 | (-0.37, 0.22) | 0.621 |
Note. *Results of piecewise linear mixed model. All models were adjusted for marital status at baseline. Significance set at p < 0.05 and is in bold. About 45% of patients in the FAMILY intervention group and 50% in the control group had complete secondary outcome data.