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Comparison of mean pain intensity and duration of crying in study groups.
| Group | Intervention group (n = 40) | Control group (n = 40) | Test results | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
| Intensity of pain | 6.1 ± 1.8 | 7.0 ± 2.1 | p=0.032; z = −2.1a | 0.46 |
| Crying duration (seconds) | 32.47 ± 16.7 | 51.02 ± 25.9 | p=0.0001; t = 3.8b | 0.85 |
aMann–Whitney test. bIndependent t-test.
