Table 3.
Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses for associated factors.
| Variable | IDA, frequency n (%) | cOR (95% CI) | P value | AOR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) | Yes (%) | |||||
| Age (months) | ||||||
| 6-11 | 68 (31.9) | 45 (29.8) | 1.22 (0.68-2.17) | 0.51 | ||
| 12-17 | 88 (41.3) | 75 (49.7) | 1.57 (0.92-2.68) | 0.10 | ||
| 18-23 | 57 (26.8) | 31 (20.5) | Ref | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 108 (50.7) | 58 (38.4) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Male | 105 (49.3) | 93 (61.6) | 1.65 (1.08-2.52) | 0.02 | 1.61 (1.03-2.53) | 0.04 |
| Gestation age (at birth) | ||||||
| Premature | 15 (7.0) | 16 (10.6) | Ref | |||
| Term | 198 (93.0) | 135 (89.4) | 0.64 (0.31-1.34) | 0.23 | ||
| Birth weight (kg) | ||||||
| <2.5 | 19 (8.9) | 19 (12.6) | Ref | |||
| ≥2.5 | 194 (91.1) | 132 (87.4) | 0.68 (0.35-1.33) | 0.26 | ||
| Maternal age (years) | ||||||
| ≤20 | 11 (5.2) | 3 (2.0) | 0.38 (0.07-2.13) | 0.27 | ||
| 21-30 | 138 (64.8) | 110 (72.8) | 1.12 (0.35-3.61) | 0.86 | ||
| 31-40 | 57 (26.8) | 33 (21.9) | 0.81 (0.24-2.76) | 0.74 | ||
| >40 | 7 (3.3) | 5 (3.3) | Ref | |||
| Maternal level of education | ||||||
| Primary | 67 (31.5) | 44 (29.1) | 1.01 (0.61-1.67) | 0.98 | ||
| Secondary | 57 (26.8) | 49 (32.5) | 1.32 (0.80-2.19) | 0.28 | ||
| Tertiary | 89 (41.8) | 58 (38.4) | Ref | |||
| Maternal occupation | ||||||
| Housewife | 42 (19.7) | 37 (24.5) | 1.36 (0.76-2.47) | 0.30 | ||
| Formal employment | 64 (30.0) | 37 (24.5) | 0.90 (0.51-1.57) | 0.70 | ||
| Business | 42 (19.7) | 35 (23.2) | 1.29 (0.71-2.33) | 0.40 | ||
| Peasant | 65 (30.5) | 42 (27.8) | Ref | |||
| Stunted∗ | ||||||
| No | 149 (70.0) | 110 (72.8) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 64 (30.0) | 41 (27.2) | 1.09 (0.82-1.44) | 0.55 | ||
| Wasted∗ | ||||||
| No | 173 (81.2) | 120 (79.5) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 40 (18.8) | 31 (20.5) | 1.12 (0.66-1.89) | 0.68 | ||
| HIV status | ||||||
| Negative | 209 (98.1) | 143 (94.7) | Ref | |||
| Positive | 1 (0.5) | 3 (2.0) | 2.44 (0.57-10.35) | 0.23 | ||
| Sero-exposed | 3 (1.4) | 5 (3.3) | 4.39 (0.45-42.57) | 0.20 | ||
| Pneumonia | ||||||
| No | 171 (80.3) | 119 (78.8) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 42 (19.7) | 32 (21.2) | 1.10 (0.65-1.83) | 0.73 | ||
| Current fever | ||||||
| No | 138 (64.8) | 89 (58.9) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 75 (35.2) | 62 (41.1) | 1.28 (0.84-1.97) | 0.26 | ||
| History of fever in last 2 weeks | ||||||
| No | 108 (50.7) | 70 (46.4) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 105 (49.3) | 81 (53.6) | 1.19 (0.78-1.81) | 0.41 | ||
| Current diarrhoea episode | ||||||
| No | 169 (79.3) | 105 (69.5) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 44 (20.7) | 46 (30.5) | 1.68 (1.04-2.72) | 0.03 | 1.71 (1.03-2.82) | 0.04 |
| Diarrhoea history in last 2 weeks | ||||||
| No | 149 (70.0) | 114 (75.5) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 64 (30.0) | 37 (24.5) | 0.76 (0.47-1.21) | 0.24 | ||
| Deworming in last 3 months | ||||||
| No | 79 (46.7) | 59 (48.8) | 0.92 (0.58-1.47) | 0.74 | ||
| Yes | 90 (53.3) | 62 (51.2) | Ref | |||
| Exclusive breastfeeding | ||||||
| ≤6 months | 194 (91.1) | 142 (94.0) | 0.65 (0.28-1.47) | 0.30 | ||
| >6 months | 19 (8.9) | 9 (6.0) | Ref | |||
| Dietary diversity | ||||||
| Poor | 135 (63.4) | 100 (66.2) | 1.08 (0.83-1.40) | 0.58 | ||
| Good | 78 (36.6) | 51 (33.8) | Ref | |||
| Acceptable meal frequency | ||||||
| No | 89 (41.8) | 84 (55.6) | 1.38 (1.08-1.77) | 0.01 | 1.78 (1.14-2.77) | 0.01 |
| Yes | 124 (58.2) | 67 (44.4) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Dietary intake in the last 7 days | ||||||
| Meat | ||||||
| Never | 71 (33.3) | 48 (31.8) | 0.68 (0.21-2.22) | 0.52 | ||
| Once | 61 (28.6) | 48 (31.8) | 0.79 (0.24-2.60) | 0.69 | ||
| 2-5 times | 75 (35.2) | 49 (32.5) | 0.65 (0.20-2.14) | 0.48 | ||
| >5 times | 6 (2.8) | 6 (4.0) | Ref | |||
| Fish | ||||||
| Never | 132 (62.0) | 98 (64.9) | 2.04 (0.63-6.60) | 0.23 | ||
| Once | 45 (21.1) | 30 (19.9) | 1.83 (0.53-6.30) | 0.34 | ||
| 2-5 times | 25 (11.7) | 19 (12.6) | 2.09 (0.58-7.60) | 0.26 | ||
| >5 times | 11 (5.2) | 4 (2.6) | Ref | |||
| Vegetables | ||||||
| Never | 40 (18.8) | 50 (33.1) | 2.50 (1.44-4.35) | <0.01 | 2.47 (1.35-4.52) | <0.01 |
| Once | 64 (30.0) | 44 (29.1) | 1.38 (0.81-2.34) | 0.24 | 1.41 (0.80-2.47) | 0.23 |
| 2-5 times | 23 (10.8) | 14 (9.3) | 1.22 (0.57-2.60) | 0.61 | 1.15 (0.52-2.55) | 0.73 |
| >5 times | 86 (40.4) | 43 (28.5) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Chicken | ||||||
| Never | 170 (79.8) | 111 (73.5) | 3.92 (0.47-32.99) | 0.21 | ||
| Once | 24 (11.3) | 34 (22.5) | 8.50 (0.96-75.23) | 0.05 | ||
| 2-5 times | 13 (6.1) | 5 (3.3) | 2.31 (0.22-24.32) | 0.49 | ||
| >5 times | 6 (2.8) | 1 (0.7) | Ref | |||
| Fruits | ||||||
| Never | 49 (23.0) | 37 (24.5) | 1.46 (0.80-2.69) | 0.22 | 1.10 (0.57-2.14) | 0.78 |
| Once | 75 (35.2) | 70 (46.4) | 1.81 (1.05-3.11) | 0.03 | 1.97 (1.11-3.52) | 0.02 |
| 2-5 times | 29 (13.6) | 13 (8.6) | 0.87 (0.40-1.90) | 0.72 | 0.92 (0.40-2.07) | 0.83 |
| >5 times | 60 (28.2) | 31 (20.5) | Ref | Ref | ||
∗Based on WHO child growth standards.