Table 2.
Demographics and clinical data of studied patients. All descriptive parameters are obtained from the original papers.
| Demographic variables | |
|
| |
| N = 108 | |
| Age (years) | 34.8 ± 18.1 (range 0–72) |
| ≤20 | 30 (27.8%) |
| ≥60 | 10 (9.3%) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 67 (62.0%) |
| Female | 41 (38.0%) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Not described | 21 |
| None | 48 |
| Hypertension | 12 |
| Obesity | 11 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 |
| Asthma (including allergic cough) | 4 |
| Heart diseases | 4 |
| Gynecologic diseases | 3 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 3 |
| Connective tissue disorders | 3 |
| Blood disorders | 2 |
| Mental disorders | 2 |
|
| |
| Dose of vaccination | N = 19 |
| 0 | 15 |
| 1 | 2 |
| 2 | 1 |
| 3 | 1 |
| ≥4 | 0 |
|
| |
| Clinical data | |
|
| |
| Initial symptoms | N = 98 (excluding 10 patients with relevant information unavailable) |
| Fever | 51 (52.0%) |
| Dyspnea or shortness of breath | 45 (45.9%) |
| Diarrhea | 20 (20.4%) |
| Chest pain | 20 (20.4%) |
| Cough | 19 (19.4%) |
| Vomiting | 17 (17.3%) |
| Abdominal pain | 13 (13.3%) |
| Asthenia | 9 (9.2%) |
| Fatigue | 9 (9.2%) |
| Weakness | 5 (5.1%) |
| Lethargy | 5 (5.1%) |
| Loss of appetite | 3 (3.1%) |
|
| |
| Concurrent with pneumonia | N = 43 |
| 2020 | 20 |
| 2021 | 20 |
| 2022 | 3 |
|
| |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) | N = 108 |
| LVEF ≤ 20% | 48 (52.2%) |
| 20 < LVEF ≤ 30% | 31 (33.7%) |
| 30 < LVEF ≤ 40% | 7 (7.6%) |
| 40 < LVEF ≤ 50% | 3 (3.3%) |
| 50% < LVEF including preserved or normal | 3 (3.3%) |
| Unclassified | 16 |
|
| |
| Pericardial effusion | N = 108 |
| Yes | 45 (65.2%) |
| No | 24 (34.8%) |
| Not described | 39 |
| Left ventricular wall thickening | N = 108 |
| Yes | 24 (40.7%) |
| No | 35 (59.3%) |
| Not described | 49 |
|
| |
| Arrhythmia | N = 40 |
| VT | 11 |
| Asystole/cardiac arrest | 6 |
| PEA | 6 |
| VF | 5 |
| RBBB | 5 |
| AF | 4 |
| CAVB | 4 |
| Long QT | 2 |
| Ectopic wandering atrial pacemaker | 1 |
|
| |
| Diagnostic modality | N = 49 |
| Only CMR | 14 |
| Only biopsy | 23 |
| Both CMR and biopsy | 12 |
|
| |
| Mechanical circulatory support | N = 67 |
| ECMO | 56 (83.6%) |
| Impella | 19 (28.4%) |
| IABP | 12 (12.9%) |
| RVAD | 2 (3.0%) |
| Combination | 20 (29.9%) |
|
| |
| Outcome | N = 107 (excluding 1 patient with relevant information unavailable) |
| Alive | 83 (77.6%) |
| Dead | 24 (22.4%) |
AF, atrial fibrillation; CAVB, complete atrioventricular block; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pumping; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; RVAD, right ventricular assist device; RBBB, right bundle branch block; VF, ventricular fibrillation; and VT, ventricular tachycardia.