Table 3.
Clinical characteristics and management of patients with GIB (n=44)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Indication for ECMO | |
| ARDS | 23 (52.3) |
| AMI | 12 (27.3) |
| Sepsis | 4 (9.1) |
| Others | 5 (11.4) |
| Systemic heparinization during ECMO before GIB event | 14 (31.8) |
| Minimum use (day) | 1 |
| Maximum use (day) | 77 |
| Median (IQR) (day) | 8 (3.0–12.0) |
| “Free from GIB” ECMO period (day) | 13.0 (4.0–33.0) |
| GIB amount (mL) | 2,520.0 (1,020.0–4,990.0) |
| GIB duration (day) | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) |
| GIB rate (mL/day) | 611.2 (348.3–1,011.7) |
| Bleeding focus | |
| Upper gastrointestinal | 17 (38.6) |
| Lower gastrointestinal | 27 (61.4) |
| Conservative treatment | 22 (50.0) |
| Intervention | 22 (50.0) |
| Endoscopy | 19 (86.4) |
| Endovascular | 2 (9.1) |
| Surgery | 1 (4.5) |
| Re-intervention | 11 (50.0) |
| Clinical success | 10 (45.5) |
Values are presented as number (%) or median (IQR).
GIB, gastrointestinal bleeding; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; IQR, interquartile range.