Table 5.

Independent predictors of mortality and major complications in patients who underwent esophagectomy for malignancy in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from January 2005 through December 2020

Preoperative factor	OR/estimate (95% CI)	p-value
Mortality
Age (yr)	1.046 (1.030–1.062)	<0.001
Body mass index	0.968 (0.944–0.993)	0.011
Preoperative albumin	0.694 (0.536–0.899)	0.005
Frailty index, moderate/severe vs. mild	1.600 (1.183–2.162)	0.002
ASA Class 3 vs. 1/2	1.607 (0.980–2.638)	0.149
ASA Class 4/5 vs. 1/2	3.915 (2.226–6.889)	<0.001
Esophagectomy without reconstruction (yes vs. no)	2.114 (1.048–4.265)	0.036
Major complications
Age (yr)	1.011 (1.006–1.016)	<0.001
Sex (female vs. male)	1.304 (1.157–1.469)	<0.001
Preoperative albumin	0.713 (0.648–0.786)	<0.001
Frailty index, moderate/severe vs. mild	1.515 (1.347–1.704)	<0.001
ASA Class 3 vs. 1/2	1.400 (1.229–1.594)	<0.001
ASA Class 4/5 vs. 1/2	2.311 (1.886–2.831)	<0.001
McKeown esophagectomy vs. Ivor Lewis and transhiatal	1.294 (1.151–1.454)	0.006
Esophagectomy without reconstruction (yes vs. no)	1.614 (1.148–2.270)	<0.001
Emergency	2.390 (1.664–3.431)	<0.001

Statistically significant results are marked in bold.

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.