Table 1.
Patient characteristics and outcomes by treatment
| Characteristic | Total (N=181) | NPO (n=123) | EVT (n=40) | Surgery (n=18) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 64.24±7.99 | 64.05±8.22 | 64.25±7.30 | 65.56±8.15 | 0.7697 |
| Sex | 0.6148 | ||||
| Female | 8 (4.42) | 7 (5.69) | 1 (2.50) | 0 | |
| Male | 173 (95.58) | 116 (94.31) | 39 (97.5) | 18 (100.00) | |
| Preoperative body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.34±3.61 | 22.58±3.71 | 21.66±3.81 | 22.25±2.11 | 0.4195 |
| Smoking | 0.999 | ||||
| No | 13 (8.55) | 10 (8.85) | 2 (8.33) | 1 (6.67) | |
| Yes | 139 (91.45) | 103 (91.15) | 22 (91.67) | 14 (93.33) | |
| Preoperative therapy | 0.7727 | ||||
| None | 105 (58.01) | 72 (58.54) | 21 (52.50) | 12 (66.67) | |
| Concurrent chemoradiation | 73 (40.33) | 49 (39.84) | 18 (45.00) | 6 (33.33) | |
| Chemotherapy | 3 (1.66) | 2 (1.63) | 1 (2.50) | 0 | |
| Tumor location | 0.225 | ||||
| Cervical | 6 (3.95) | 4 (3.54) | 1 (4.17) | 1 (6.67) | |
| Upper thoracic | 51 (33.55) | 43 (38.05) | 3 (12.50) | 5 (33.33) | |
| Mid-thoracic | 52 (34.21) | 37 (32.74) | 9 (37.50) | 6 (40.00) | |
| Lower thoracic | 41 (26.97) | 27 (23.89) | 11 (45.83) | 3 (20.00) | |
| Esophagogastric junction | 2 (1.32) | 2 (1.77) | 0 | 0 | |
| Site of anastomosis | <0.001 | ||||
| Cervical | 114 (62.98) | 87 (70.73) | 15 (37.50) | 12 (66.67) | |
| Intrathoracic | 67 (37.02) | 36 (29.27) | 25 (62.50) | 6 (33.33) | |
| Resection margin | 0.7056 | ||||
| R0 | 163 (90.05) | 110 (89.43) | 38 (95.00) | 15 (83.33) | |
| R1 | 17 (9.39) | 12 (9.76) | 2 (5.00) | 3 (16.67) | |
| R2 | 1 (0.55) | 1 (0.81) | 0 | 0 | |
| Time between esophagectomy and diagnosis of AL (day) | 11 (7–15) | 10 (7–13) | 15 (13–22) | 11 (9–15.5) | <0.001 |
| Treatment outcome | 0.0017 | ||||
| Failure | 10 (5.52) | 2 (1.63) | 5 (12.50) | 3 (16.67) | |
| Success without additional therapy | 158 (87.29) | 112 (91.06) | 33 (82.50) | 13 (72.22) | |
| Subsequent surgery | 10 (5.52) | 8 (6.5) | 2 (5.00) | 0 | |
| Subsequent EVT | 3 (1.66) | 1 (0.81) | 0 | 2 (11.11) | |
| Oral diet | 0.0034 | ||||
| Failure | 12 (6.63) | 3 (2.44) | 6 (15.00) | 3 (16.67) | |
| Success | 169 (93.37) | 120 (97.56) | 34 (85.00) | 15 (83.33) | |
| Time between esophagectomy and oral diet resumption (day) | 31 (21–52) | 25 (19–38) | 52 (34.5–76.5) | 52 (29–84) | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range). Statistically significant results are marked in bold.
NPO, nothing by mouth; EVT, endoscopic vacuum therapy; AL, anastomotic leakage.