Figure 6.

The expression of (A) tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α); (B) interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β); (C) immunoglobulins (Ig) and (D) nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kb). Samples from both non-parasitised and parasite infected C. punctata groups were collected for gene expression assay. The expression in the non-parasitised samples of C. punctata group was set at 1. The results are the mean ± standard error (n = 3). Asterisks represents significant difference between the non-parasitised and parasitised C. punctata group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, *****P < 0.00001.