Table 3.
Factors related to depression in men with oral health problems (n = 12,563).
| Variables | OR (95% CI) | ORa* (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Harmful alcohol consumption | |||
| Yes | Reference | ||
| No | 1.68 (1.04–2.71) | ||
| Current smoking habits | |||
| Yes | Reference | Reference | |
| No | 0.58 (0.50–0.68) | 0.64 (0.53–0.76) | <0.001 |
| Leisure-time physical activity | |||
| Yes | Reference | ||
| No | 1.73 (1.48–2.02) | ||
| Self-perceived state of health | |||
| Very good | Reference | Reference | |
| Good | 2.62 (1.77–3.86) | 1.80 (1.21–2.68) | 0.004 |
| Average | 16.56 (11.31–24.25) | 5.64 (3.75–8.47) | <0.001 |
| Poor | 40.20 (26.77–60.38) | 10.34 (6.66–16.05) | <0.001 |
| Very poor | 57.71 (34.63–96.18) | 12.24 (7.05–21.26) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index | |||
| Under-weight | Reference | ||
| Normal-weight | 0.30 (0.16–0.58) | ||
| Overweight | 0.32 (0.17–0.62) | ||
| Obese | 0.42 (0.22–0.81) | ||
| Number of comorbidities | |||
| None | Reference | Reference | |
| 1–2 | 4.31 (3.20–5.81) | 2.92 (2.14–3.99) | <0.001 |
| ≥3 | 19.58 (14.74–25.99) | 6.64 (4.81–9.17) | <0.001 |
PT, professional training; OR, odds ratio; *ORa, odds ratio adjusted for all sociodemographic characteristics and health-related variables; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. Hosmer-Lemeshow test χ2 = 20.23, p = 0.010; Nagelkerke’s R2 = 0.293; p < 0.001. Model controlled for age groups, marital status, nationality, employment status, level of education, town of residence and social class.