Table 3.
Levels of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet (AMD), according to the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS), stratified by main sample characteristics.
| AMD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample characteristics | Low | Medium | High | p value* | All |
| n = 423 | n = 3,128 | n = 181 | n = 3,732 | ||
| Sex | < 0.001 | ||||
| Female | 314 (9.59) | 2,789 (85.21) | 170 (5.19) | 3,273 (87.70) | |
| Male | 109 (23.75) | 339 (73.86) | 11 (2.40) | 459 (12.30) | |
| Age groups | < 0.001 | ||||
| 17–40 years | 252 (9.47) | 2,270 (85.34) | 138 (5.19) | 2,660 (71.28) | |
| > 40 years | 171 (15.95) | 858 (80.04) | 43 (4.01) | 1,072 (28.72) | |
| Education | 0.006 | ||||
| ≤ 13 years | 196 (13.10) | 1,239 (82.82) | 61 (4.08) | 1,496 (40.09) | |
| > 13 years | 227 (10.15) | 1,889 (84.48) | 120 (5.37) | 2,236 (59.91) | |
| Annual income | 0.111 | ||||
| <EUR 15.000 | 93 (11.44) | 685 (84.26) | 35 (4.31) | 813 (28.20) | |
| EUR 15.000–30.000 | 128 (11.65) | 914 (83.17) | 57 (5.19) | 1,099 (38.12) | |
| EUR 30.000–50.000 | 92 (13.22) | 578 (83.05) | 26 (3.74) | 696 (24.14) | |
| >EUR 50.000 | 48 (17.45) | 217 (78.91) | 10 (3.64) | 275 (9.54) | |
| missing | 62 | 734 | 53 | 849 | |
| Occupation | < 0.001 | ||||
| Non-workers/Students | 47 (5.27) | 789 (88.45) | 56 (6.28) | 892 (23.90) | |
| Unemployed | 18 (10.40) | 147 (84.97) | 8 (4.62) | 173 (4.64) | |
| Part-time workers | 57 (10.61) | 459 (85.47) | 21 (3.91) | 537 (14.39) | |
| Full-time workers | 301 (14.13) | 1,733 (81.36) | 96 (4.51) | 2,130 (57.07) | |
| Family size | 0.163 | ||||
| 1 person | 48 (9.49) | 427 (84.39) | 31 (6.13) | 506 (13.56) | |
| 2 people | 113 (12.10) | 778 (83.30) | 43 (4.60) | 934 (25.03) | |
| 3 people | 106 (11.99) | 749 (84.73) | 29 (3.28) | 884 (23.69) | |
| 4 people | 116 (11.74) | 817 (82.69) | 55 (5.57) | 988 (26.47) | |
| 5 or more people | 40 (9.52) | 357 (85.00) | 23 (5.48) | 420 (11.25) | |
| Macro-area of birth | 0.213 | ||||
| Northwest | 169 (13.05) | 1,061 (81.93) | 65 (5.02) | 1,295 (34.70) | |
| Northeast | 77 (11.31) | 563 (82.67) | 41 (6.02) | 681 (18.25) | |
| Center | 95 (10.36) | 784 (85.50) | 38 (4.14) | 917 (24.57) | |
| South | 57 (10.04) | 487 (85.74) | 24 (4.23) | 568 (15.22) | |
| Islands | 25 (9.23) | 233 (85.98) | 13 (4.80) | 271 (7.26) | |
| Macro-area of residence | 0.117 | ||||
| Northwest | 178 (13.03) | 1,119 (81.92) | 69 (5.05) | 1,366 (36.60) | |
| Northeast | 80 (11.41) | 580 (82.74) | 41 (5.85) | 701 (18.78) | |
| Center | 105 (10.74) | 830 (84.87) | 43 (4.40) | 978 (26.21) | |
| South | 41 (9.09) | 393 (87.14) | 17 (3.77) | 451 (12.08) | |
| Islands | 19 (8.05) | 206 (87.29) | 11 (4.66) | 236 (6.32) | |
| Health conditions | 0.227 | ||||
| None | 388 (11.04) | 2,955 (84.04) | 173 (4.92) | 3,516 (94.21) | |
| Cardiometabolic diseases | 25 (15.63) | 130 (81.25) | 5 (3.13) | 160 (4.29) | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1 (11.11) | 8 (88.89) | 0.00 | 9 (0.24) | |
| Cancer | 9 (19.15) | 35 (74.47) | 3 (6.38) | 47 (1.26) | |
| Adherence to special diet | < 0.001 | ||||
| None | 379 (12.29) | 2,568 (83.24) | 138 (4.47) | 3,085 (82.66) | |
| Celiac disease | 7 (8.54) | 71 (86.59) | 4 (4.88) | 82 (2.20) | |
| Food allergy | 8 (10.96) | 64 (87.67) | 1 (1.37) | 73 (1.96) | |
| Lactose intolerance | 27 (8.85) | 267 (87.54) | 11 (3.61) | 305 (8.17) | |
| Vegans/vegetarians | 0.00 | 151 (84.83) | 27 (15.17) | 178 (4.77) | |
| Religion reasons | 2 (22.22) | 7 (77.78) | 0.00 | 9 (0.24) | |
Data are expressed as absolute frequencies and percentages (%), calculated on the total of subjects excluding missing data. MDSS score: low ≤ 5; medium 6–10; high ≥ 11. *Chi-square test.