Table 2.
Mixed-effects models predicting team effectiveness.
| Dependent variable | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # Patients handed off | Avg. Adj. Length of stay | |||||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
| Core member cognitive versatility | −0.759*** (0.216) | −0.461* (0.235) | 0.051 (0.376) | 0.313 (0.360) | −0.107*** (0.032) | −0.079* (0.036) | −0.017 (0.039) | 0.009 (0.038) |
| Disconnected role set (1 = no NP) | 3.227*** (0.693) | 1.161 (0.966) | 3.059*** (0.685) | 0.936 (0.957) | 0.314** (0.104) | 0.119 (0.146) | 0.277** (0.102) | 0.066 (0.144) |
| Core member cog. versatility * disconnected role set | −0.552** (0.182) | −0.568** (0.182) | −0.052+ (0.028) | −0.056* (0.028) | ||||
| # Admissions | 0.525*** (0.034) | 0.538*** (0.034) | 0.522*** (0.034) | 0.536*** (0.034) | 0.021*** (0.005) | 0.022*** (0.005) | 0.020*** (0.005) | 0.021*** (0.005) |
| # Patients received from prior team | 0.157*** (0.043) | 0.163*** (0.042) | 0.153*** (0.042) | 0.161*** (0.042) | 0.023*** (0.006) | 0.024*** (0.006) | 0.023*** (0.006) | 0.023*** (0.006) |
| Avg. typicality of cases | 0.004 (0.006) | 0.004 (0.006) | 0.005 (0.006) | 0.004 (0.006) | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.001 (0.001) |
| # RNs | 0.102 (0.173) | 0.090 (0.170) | 0.058 (0.171) | 0.047 (0.169) | 0.025 (0.026) | 0.024 (0.026) | 0.017 (0.026) | 0.015 (0.025) |
| ED tech (1 = yes) | 0.025 (0.449) | 0.146 (0.445) | 0.077 (0.449) | 0.205 (0.445) | 0.036 (0.067) | 0.047 (0.067) | 0.049 (0.067) | 0.062 (0.067) |
| Nurse assistant (1 = yes) | −0.123 (0.352) | −0.084 (0.348) | −0.097 (0.352) | −0.055 (0.348) | −0.022 (0.053) | −0.018 (0.053) | −0.018 (0.053) | −0.013 (0.052) |
| Patient ambassador (1 = yes) | 0.142 (0.535) | 0.156 (0.528) | 0.216 (0.533) | 0.225 (0.526) | −0.045 (0.080) | −0.044 (0.080) | −0.032 (0.080) | −0.031 (0.079) |
| Avg. Familiarity over 28 days | −0.278*** (0.081) | −0.199* (0.084) | −0.257** (0.081) | −0.176* (0.084) | −0.010 (0.012) | −0.002 (0.013) | −0.005 (0.012) | 0.003 (0.013) |
| Core member experience | 0.102*** (0.024) | 0.095*** (0.024) | 0.012** (0.004) | 0.011** (0.004) | ||||
| Core member social perceptiveness | −0.111*** (0.031) | −0.104*** (0.031) | −0.013** (0.005) | −0.012** (0.005) | ||||
| Core member Conscientiousness | 0.049 (0.318) | 0.083 (0.315) | −0.020 (0.048) | −0.017 (0.048) | ||||
| Core member cog. style strength | −0.398 (0.387) | −0.330 (0.383) | 0.071 (0.332) | 0.085 (0.311) | −0.061 (0.058) | −0.055 (0.058) | 0.017 (0.036) | 0.018 (0.034) |
| Constant | 16.803 (19.245) | 13.750 (19.027) | −2.758 (15.306) | −3.210 (14.333) | 2.016 (2.884) | 1.727 (2.876) | −1.524 (1.669) | −1.566 (1.567) |
| Fixed effects (weekday, month, night team) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Random effects (Physician) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 342 | 342 | 342 | 342 | 342 | 342 | 342 | 342 |
| Log likelihood | −786.28 | −782.53 | −786.43 | −782.43 | −188.39 | −189.27 | −181.96 | −182.56 |
| AIC | 1,630.58 | 1,625.06 | 1,624.85 | 1,618.86 | 434.78 | 438.54 | 415.92 | 419.12 |
| BIC | 1,741.78 | 1,740.10 | 1,724.56 | 1,722.40 | 545.99 | 553.58 | 515.63 | 522.66 |
+p < 0.1; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. This table reports results for the primary analyses, revealing a generally positive association between a core member’s (Physician’s) cognitive versatility and team effectiveness in that it is associated with fewer handoffs and shooter average lengths of stay, a generally negative association between having a disconnected role set in which the team lacks a nurse practitioner and both team effectiveness measures, and an interaction effect whereby the harmful association between the disconnected role set and team effectiveness is less harmful when the core member is more cognitively versatile.