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The presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR) in examined samples
| Sample description | PMQR genes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| qnrA | qnrB | qnrS | aac(6´)Ib–cr | qepA | |
| Poultry litter | − | + | + | + | − |
| Soil before application of poultry litter | − | − | − | − | − |
| Soil 1 week after application of poultry litter | − | − | − | + | − |
| Soil 1 week after spiking FQs | − | − | − | + | − |
