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. 2023 Dec 24;9(3):526–548. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.12.019

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© 2024 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Overall prevalence of CKD in Africa. Adapted from Stanifer JW, Jing B, Tolan S, et al. The epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2(3):e174-181. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70002-6¹⁶; Kaze AD, Ilori T, Jaar BG, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB. Burden of chronic kidney disease on the African continent: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol. 2018;19(1):125. doi:10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5.¹⁸ CKD, chronic kidney disease; SSA, sub-Saharan Africa.