Table 2.
Clinical improvement status of symptoms in all three antibiotic groups
| Parameters | Group I | Group II |
p value (cephalexin CV vs cefuroxime [at f/up 1]) |
p value (cephalexin CV vs co-amoxiclav [at f/up 1]) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cephalexin CV |
p-Value (baseline to f/up 1) |
Cefuroxime |
p value (baseline to f/up 1) |
Co-amoxiclav |
p value (baseline to f/up 1) |
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| Baseline n = 174 |
Follow-up visit 1 n = 174 |
Follow-up visit 2 n = 11 |
Baseline n = 87 |
Follow-up visit 1 n = 87 |
Follow-up visit 2 n = 7 |
Baseline n = 94 |
Follow-up visit 1 n = 94 |
Follow-up visit 2 n = 11 |
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| Pain; n (%) | ||||||||||||||
| No pain (0) | 36 (20.7) | 159 (91.4) | 11 (100.0) | <0.001 | 18 (20.7) | 74 (85.1) | 7 (100.0) | <0.001 | 4 (4.3) | 83 (88.3) | 11 (100.0) | <0.001 | 0.267 | 0.307 |
| Mild pain (2) | 44 (25.3) | 13 (7.5) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (8.1) | 11 (12.6) | 0 (0.0) | 29 (30.9) | 11 (11.7) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Moderate pain (4) | 48 (27.6) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 31 (35.6) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 34 (36.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Severe pain (6) | 27 (15.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (23.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (19.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Very severe pain (8) | 13 (7.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (12.6) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Worst possible pain (10) | 6 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Swelling; n (%) | ||||||||||||||
| None | 90 (51.7) | 160 (92.0) | 11 (100.0) | <0.001 | 36 (41.4) | 74 (85.1) | 7 (100.0) | <0.001 | 63 (67.0) | 91 (96.8) | 10 (90.9) | <0.001 | 0.061 | 0.120 |
| Slight | 51 (29.3) | 14 (8.1) | 0 (0.0) | 26 (29.9) | 11 (12.6) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (23.4) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (9.1) | |||||
| Average | 26 (14.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 21 (24.1) | 2 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (9.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Much | 7 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Redness; n (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Absence | 116 (66.7) | 174 (100.0) | 11 (100.0) | <0.001 | 45 (51.7) | 81 (93.1) | 7 (100.0) | <0.001 | 86 (91.5) | 93 (98.9) | 11 (100.0) | 0.017 | <0.001 | 0.173 |
| Presence | 58 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 42 (48.3) | 6 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (8.5) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Duration; days | ||||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 4.2 ± 3.5 | 4.8 ± 3.4 | 2.9 ± 1.4 | |||||||||||
| Bleeding gums; n (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Absence | 134 (77.0) | 167 (96.0) | 10 (90.9) | <0.001 | 52 (59.8) | 75 (86.2) | 7 (100.0) | <0.001 | 85 (90.4) | 91 (96.8) | 10 (90.9) | 0.073 | 0.004 | 0.732 |
| Presence | 40 (23.0) | 7 (4.0) | 1 (9.1) | 35 (40.2) | 12 (13.8) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (9.6) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (9.1) | |||||
| Duration; days | ||||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 4.4 ± 2.4 | 5.6 ± 4.8 | 14.4 ± 28.5 | |||||||||||
| Bleeding on probing; n (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Absence | 118 (67.8) | 160 (92.0) | 10 (90.9) | <0.001 | 37 (42.5) | 74 (85.1) | 7 (100.0) | <0.001 | 85 (90.4) | 91 (96.8) | 10 (90.9) | 0.073 | 0.085 | 0.120 |
| Presence | 56 (32.2) | 14 (8.1) | 1 (9.1) | 50 (57.5) | 13 (14.9) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (9.6) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (9.1) | |||||
| Duration; days | ||||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 5.5 ± 11.8 | - | 4.8 ± 4.6 | 15.0 ± 28.3 | ||||||||||
| Halitosis; n (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Absence | 124 (71.3) | 168 (96.6) | 9 (81.8) | <0.001 | 41 (47.1) | 81 (93.1) | 7 (100.0) | <0.001 | 82 (87.2) | 92 (97.9) | 10 (90.9) | 0.005 | 0.201 | 0.544 |
| Presence | 50 (28.7) | 6 (3.5) | 2 (18.2) | 46 (52.9) | 6 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (12.8) | 2 (2.1) | 1 (9.1) | |||||
| Duration; days | ||||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 8.8 ± 24.9 | 10.8 ± 15.8 | 15.2 ± 24.8 | |||||||||||
| Fever; n (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Absence | 141 (81.0) | 174 (100.0) | 11 (100.0) | <0.001 | 52 (59.8) | 85 (97.7) | 7 (100.0) | <0.001 | 91 (96.8) | 94 (100.0) | 11 (100.0) | 0.081 | 0.045 | |
| Presence | 33 (19.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (40.2) | 2 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Duration; days | ||||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 3.4 ± 3.1 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | |||||||||||
| Pus discharge; n (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Absence | 114 (65.5) | 168 (96.6) | 11 (100.0) | <0.001 | 42 (48.3) | 82 (94.3) | 7 (100.0) | <0.001 | 82 (87.2) | 92 (97.9) | 11 (100.0) | 0.005 | 0.384 | 0.544 |
| Presence | 60 (34.5) | 6 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 45 (51.7) | 5 (5.8) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (12.8) | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Duration; days | ||||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 5.3 ± 12.5 | 4.9 ± 4.5 | 7.3 ± 16.7 | |||||||||||
Co-amoxiclav amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, CV clavulanic acid, f/up follow-up, mg milligrams, n number of patients, SD standard deviation
*Fisher Exact Test or Chi Square Test was used to compare the distribution of the categories of the variables for Group I with Group II at baseline/follow-up visits