Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Group A DM (−) elevated TyG index (−) n = 281 |
Group B DM (−) elevated TyG index (+) n = 232 |
Group C DM (+) n = 171 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 65 (12) | 64 (12) | 67 (10) | 0.064 |
| Male, n (%) | 150 (65%) | 143 (62%) | 123 (72%) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/mm2 | 23.1 (3.7) | 24.5 (4.2) | 24.5 (4.1) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 196 (70%) | 181 (78%) | 153 (89%) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 158 (56%) | 190 (82%) | 136 (80%) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 140 (20) | 141 (22) | 145 (22) | 0.097 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 76 (14) | 76 (13) | 78 (13) | 0.246 |
| Current or past smoker, n (%) | 75 (27%) | 69 (30%) | 48 (28%) | 0.746 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 21 (7.4%) | 14 (6.0%) | 17 (9.9%) | 0.350 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 90 (70–111) | 176 (145–223) | 126 (81–167) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 70 (19) | 56 (16) | 57 (17) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 117 (34) | 127 (38) | 107 (34) | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, g/dL | 104 (18) | 119 (31) | 159 (67) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.6 (0.3) | 5.8 (0.3) | 7.0 (1.4) | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/L | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) | 1.2 (0.5–2.6) | 0.9 (0.4–2.7) | 0.013 |
| TyG index, median (IQR) | 8.4 (8.2–8.6) | 9.2 (9.0–9.5) | 9.1 (8.6–9.5) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 mm2 | 67 (15) | 67 (16) | 64 (15) | 0.202 |
| Medication | ||||
| ACE inhibitor or ARB, n (%) | 63 (22%) | 65 (28%) | 68 (40%) | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 75 (27%) | 59 (25%) | 67 (39%) | 0.005 |
| β-blocker, n (%) | 25 (8.8%) | 19 (8.2%) | 23 (13%) | 0.172 |
| Statins, n (%) | 69 (25%) | 69 (30%) | 81 (47%) | <0.001 |
| Oral antidiabetic drugs, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 104 (61%) | – |
| Insulin, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (4.1%) | – |
Values are presented as mean (standard deviation) or number (%).
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; TyG, triglyceride glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.