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. 2024 Feb 26;26:e49312. doi: 10.2196/49312

Table 1.

The time frame, study type, and sample size of the included studies.

Variable Value (N=25), n (%) References
Study year


2013-2018 25 (100) [35-59]
Study type


RCTa 12 (48) [36,37,41,42,46,48-51,54,55,59]

Quasi-RCT 2 (8) [35,47]

Non-RCT 1 (4) [56]

Before-after study 8 (32) [38-40,43-45,52,53]

Observational study 2 (8) [57,58]
Sample size


≤30 10 (40) [35,43-45,50-53,57,58]

31-50 7 (28) [39-42,54-56]

51-80 5 (20) [36-38,47,59]

≥81 3 (12) [46,48,49]

aRCT: randomized clinical trial.