Table 4.
Population characteristics, types of cancers, and cancer-related dysfunctions studied in virtual reality–based exercise rehabilitation.
| Author, year | Age (years), mean (SD) or mean (range) | Cancer type | Types of existing or potential CRDsa | |
|
|
Intervention group | Control group |
|
|
| Atef et al [35], 2020 | 54.1 (8.3) | 53.1 (7.2) | Breast cancer | Postmastectomy lymphedema |
| Basha et al [36], 2022 | 48.8 (7.0) | 52.1 (7.5) | Breast cancer | Postmastectomy lymphedema |
| Benzing et al [37], 2020 | 11.8 (2.4) and 10.7 (2.5) | 11.1 (2.5) | Various types (leukemia, lymphoma, and nervous system cancer) | Central neuropathy |
| Chen et al [38], 2019 | NRb | NR | Breast cancer | CRCIc |
| da Silva Alves et al [39], 2018 | 57.1 (16.7) and 63.3 (7.3) | 56.7 (11.9) | Various types (gastrointestinal tract, breast, abdominal, pelvic, and oropharyngeal cancer) | CRFd |
| da Silva Alves et al [40], 2017 | 57.1 (16.7) and 63.3 (7.3) | 56.7 (11.9) | Various types (gastrointestinal tract, breast, abdominal, pelvic, and oropharyngeal cancer) | CRF |
| Feyzioĝlu et al [41], 2020 | 50.8 (8.5) | 51.0 (7.1) | Breast cancer | Postmastectomy upper limb dyskinesia |
| Hamari et al [42], 2019 | 7.8 (range, 3-16) | 7.9 (range, 3-15) | Various types (Wilms cancer, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and lymphoma) | Physical function damage and CRF |
| Hoffman et al [43], 2013 | 64.6 (range, 53-73) | NR | Lung cancer | CRF |
| Hoffman et al [44], 2014 | 64.6 (range, 53-73) | NR | Lung cancer | CRF |
| House et al [45], 2016 | 57.8 (20.4) | NR | Breast cancer | CRCI and postmastectomy upper limb dyskinesia |
| Jin et al [46], 2018 | NR | NR | Breast cancer | Postmastectomy upper limb dyskinesia |
| Jin et al [47], 2018 | Range 33-36 | Range 35-69 | Breast cancer | Postmastectomy upper limb dyskinesia |
| Lin et al [48], 2021 | 33.0 (2.8) | 33.1 (2.8) | Breast cancer | CRCI |
| Park et al [49], 2023 | 42.6 (9.1) | 47.3 (8.6) | Breast cancer | Postmastectomy syndrome |
| Sabel et al [50], 2016 | 11.9 (3.6) | 13.2 (1.9) | Brain cancer | Central neuropathy |
| Schwenk et al [51], 2016 | 68.7 (8.7) | 71.8 (8.9) | Various types (multiple myeloma, chronic lymphoid leukemia, lung, breast, colorectal, melanoma, bladder, prostate, pancreas, and ovarian cancer) | Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy |
| Tanriverdi et al [52], 2022 | 12.9 (5.8) | NR | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Cancer-related sleep disorder |
| Tsuda et al [53], 2016 | 66.0 (5.4) | NR | Lymphoma and acute leukemia | Physical function damage |
| Villumsen et al [54], 2019 | 67.6 (4.6) | 69.8 (4.4) | Prostate cancer | Physical function damage |
| Yang et al [55], 2014 | 47.9 (14.5) | 52.9 (14.0) | Brain cancer | CRCI |
| Yoon et al [56], 2015 | 48.6 (11.3) | 50.0 (17.5) | Brain cancer | Postmastectomy upper limb dyskinesia |
| Zeng et al [57], 2020 | NR | NR | NR | CRCI |
| Zhou et al [58], 2021 | 54.7 (7.8) | NR | Breast cancer | Postmastectomy upper limb dyskinesia |
| Zhu et al [59], 2019 | 58.3 (15.4) | 58.6 (15.1) | Breast cancer | Postmastectomy upper limb dyskinesia |
aCRDs: cancer-related dysfunctions.
bNR: not reported.
cCRCI: cancer-related cognitive impairment.
dCRF: cancer-related fatigue.