Table 2. Root causes of ethical value conflict (EVC) frequency (f) and distress (d). Factor 1 comprises EVC induced by insufficient resources (EVC frequency resources) while factor 2 comprises EVC induced by inapt organizational structures or interpersonal staff relations (EVC frequency structures). [NA=not available; ICC=intraclass correlation; SD=standard deviation.].

Factor		Frequency					Distress				R (f,d)
		Rank	Mean	SD	ICC		Rank	Mean	SD	ICC
NA	lack of provider continuity	1	1.98	1.17	0.19		3	2.93	1.08	0.05	0.42
1	unsafe levels of care provider staffing	2	1.94	1.22	0.27		1	3.15	1.08	0.14	0.48
1	patients having to wait	3	1.85	1.15	0.21		13	2.48	1.17	0.09	0.41
1	forced to do administrative work	4	1.83	1.34	0.24		7	2.59	1.26	0.13	0.56
2	incompetent healthcare providers	5	1.66	1.16	0.22		4	2.92	1.15	0.07	0.41
1	lack of resources	6	1.62	1.13	0.22		2	2.95	1.13	0.10	0.47
1	prioritize between patients	7	1.52	1.37	0.38		12	2.51	1.37	0.18	0.49
1	refrain from conversations with patients and their family	8	1.47	1.22	0.30		9	2.55	1.27	0.16	0.47
2	follow physicians’ prescriptions that do not benefit the patient	9	1.21	1.09	0.26		11	2.51	1.34	0.10	0.45
1	not feel confident that care is of high quality	10	1.16	1.02	0.19		5	2.64	1.30	0.10	0.41
2	violating formal rules and regulations	11	1.15	1.01	0.07		19	1.71	1.24	0.03	0.22
1	feel unqualified	12	1.14	1.11	0.29		6	2.59	1.41	0.10	0.48
2	formal rules and routines as barriers	13	1.00	0.98	0.08		18	2.13	1.34	0.03	0.43
2	follow the family’s wishes that do not benefit the patient	14	0.99	0.93	0.18		16	2.38	1.36	0.08	0.38
NA	disregard the patients’ integrity	15	0.93	1.02	0.19		15	2.39	1.37	0.11	0.32
2	witness healthcare providers giving “false hope”	16	0.93	0.88	0.11		10	2.51	1.28	0.03	0.23
1	provide care that does not correspond to that of a professional nurse	17	0.86	0.98	0.14		8	2.56	1.42	0.10	0.34
2	ignore situations in which patients have not been given adequate information	18	0.83	0.88	0.10		17	2.32	1.30	0.06	0.27
2	avoid taking action when a medical error has not been reported	19	0.65	0.76	0.01		14	2.45	1.31	0.03	0.17