Table 2. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of the ALND group in the training set.
| Characteristics | Univariate Cox regression analysis | Multivariate Cox regression analysis | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OS | BCSS | OS | BCSS | ||||||||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P | ||||
| Age | |||||||||||
| <45 years | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| 45–59 years | 0.970 (0.889–1.058) | 0.489 | 0.844 (0.768–0.927) | <0.001 | – | – | |||||
| ≥60 years | 2.092 (1.927–2.270) | <0.001 | 1.156 (1.052–1.271) | 0.003 | – | – | |||||
| Race | |||||||||||
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| Black | 1.443 (1.330–1.565) | <0.001 | 1.555 (1.411–1.715) | <0.001 | – | – | |||||
| Other | 0.949 (0.851–1.059) | 0.353 | 1.074 (0.944–1.221) | 0.280 | – | – | |||||
| Laterality | |||||||||||
| Left | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| Right | 1.002 (0.946–1.061) | 0.951 | 1.011 (0.942–1.086) | 0.759 | – | – | |||||
| Marriage | |||||||||||
| Married | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| Not married | 1.649 (1.556–1.746) | <0.001 | 1.410 (1.313–1.515) | <0.001 | 1.575 (1.486–1.669) | <0.001 | 1.342 (1.249–1.442) | <0.001 | |||
| Grade | |||||||||||
| I | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| II | 1.315 (1.172–1.476) | <0.001 | 1.775 (1.499–2.102) | <0.001 | 1.229 (1.095–1.380) | <0.001 | 1.603 (1.353–1.899) | <0.001 | |||
| III & IV | 1.962 (1.754–2.195) | <0.001 | 3.172 (2.691–3.739) | <0.001 | 1.733 (1.548–1.939) | <0.001 | 2.647 (2.245–3.122) | <0.001 | |||
| Histology | |||||||||||
| Ductal carcinoma | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| Lobular carcinoma | 1.090 (0.991–1.199) | 0.077 | 1.031 (0.915–1.162) | 0.612 | – | – | |||||
| Mixed carcinoma | 0.877 (0.805–0.956) | 0.003 | 0.852 (0.765–0.948) | 0.003 | – | – | |||||
| Other | 1.817 (1.623–2.034) | <0.001 | 1.933 (1.688–2.213) | <0.001 | – | – | |||||
| Stage T | |||||||||||
| T1–2 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| T3–4 | 2.113 (1.989–2.244) | <0.001 | 2.523 (2.347–2.712) | <0.001 | 1.651 (1.547–1.762) | <0.001 | 1.781 (1.647–1.925) | <0.001 | |||
| LNM | |||||||||||
| 1–3 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| 4–6 | 1.524 (1.404–1.654) | <0.001 | 1.852 (1.668–2.055) | <0.001 | 1.450 (1.334–1.576) | <0.001 | 1.677 (1.508–1.864) | <0.001 | |||
| 7–9 | 1.990 (1.812–2.184) | <0.001 | 2.459 (2.188–2.764) | <0.001 | 1.810 (1.644–1.992) | <0.001 | 2.097 (1.860–2.364) | <0.001 | |||
| ≥10 | 2.999 (2.796–3.216) | <0.001 | 4.348 (3.989–4.739) | <0.001 | 2.581 (2.394–2.782) | <0.001 | 3.465 (3.160–3.799) | <0.001 | |||
| Breast surgery type | |||||||||||
| No surgery/BCS | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| Mastectomy | 1.382 (1.273–1.501) | <0.001 | 1.549 (1.392–1.723) | <0.001 | 0.987 (0.906–1.076) | 0.772 | 1.041 (0.932–1.164) | 0.478 | |||
| Radiotherapy | |||||||||||
| Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| No | 1.064 (1.005–1.127) | 0.034 | 0.895 (0.833–0.961) | 0.002 | 1.326 (1.249–1.408) | <0.001 | 1.192 (1.107–1.283) | <0.001 | |||
| Chemotherapy | |||||||||||
| Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| No/Unknown | 1.489 (1.398–1.585) | <0.001 | 0.965 (0.886–1.051) | 0.417 | – | – | |||||
| Subtype | |||||||||||
| HR+, HER2+ | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| HR+, HER2− | 0.953 (0.788–1.153) | 0.622 | 1.026 (0.811–1.298) | 0.829 | – | – | |||||
| HR−, HER2+ | 1.369 (1.018–1.840) | 0.038 | 1.490 (1.041–2.133) | 0.029 | – | – | |||||
| HR−, HER2− | 2.843 (2.271–3.559) | <0.001 | 3.474 (2.654–4.548) | <0.001 | – | – | |||||
| Unknown | 1.277 (1.068–1.526) | 0.007 | 1.425 (1.142–1.778) | 0.002 | – | – | |||||
HR, the statuses of ER and PR: HR+, the expression of ER or PR is positive; HR−, the expressions of both ER and PR are negative. ALND, axillary lymph node dissection; OS, overall survival; BCSS, breast cancer-specific survival; CI, confidence interval; LNM, lymph node metastasis; BCS, breast-conserving surgery; HR, hormone receptor; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; ER, estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor.