Table 2.

Sensitization from classic chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Drug or therapeutic intervention	Mechanism of action	Immune system interaction
Cyclophosphamide (38)	Alkylating agent	Decreased Treg cells, ultimately stimulating the immune response.
Gemcitabine (39)	Pyrimidine antimetabolite	Decreased number of myeloid suppressor cells, with an overall diminished immune system inhibition.
Radiation therapy (43–45)	Double-stranded DNA breaks	Increased antigenic release from cancer cell death. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon release. This association increases antigenic presentation.