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PILS-IC measurements of PM2.5 sulfate and S(IV) measured at the CTC site. The IC separation resolves sulfate from S(IV) species (sulfite, bisulfite, and organo-sulfite adducts such as hydroxymethanesulfonate, HMS), which co-elute. HMS is a component of the S(IV) species. Note that the ratio of S(IV) to sulfate varies in time, being high in the cold event (late January/early February), but low in the warm event in late February.
