Table 3.
Prevalence Ratio Estimation on Feeding Tube Insertion for All Subjects
| Variable | Univariate PR (95% CI) |
Multivariable* PR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Year of residency | ||
| 2011 | Ref | Ref |
| 2012 | 1.14 (1.08–1.20)† | 1.09 (1.03–1.16)† |
| 2013 | 1.23 (1.16–1.31)† | 1.19 (1.10–1.28† |
| 2014 | 1.30 (1.22–1.38)† | 1.19 (1.10–1.28)† |
| 2015 | 1.28 (1.19–1.37)† | 1.20 (1.10–1.30)† |
| 2016 | 1.30 (1.21–1.40)† | 1.28 (1.18–1.40)† |
| Age, y | ||
| <65 | Ref | Ref |
| 66–75 | 0.81 (0.72–0.90)† | 0.79 (0.69–0.89)† |
| 76–85 | 0.66 (0.58–0.74)† | 0.64 (0.56–0.73)† |
| >85 | 0.62 (0.55–0.69)† | 0.60 (0.52–0.69)† |
| Gender | ||
| Male | Ref | Ref |
| Female | 0.76 (0.71–0.81)† | 0.93 (0.86–1.01) |
| Race | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | Ref | Ref |
| Non-Hispanic black | 3.28 (3.00–3.58)† | 2.74 (2.48–3.03)† |
| Hispanic | 3.09 (2.87–3.33)† | 1.91 (1.71–2.13)† |
| Other | 2.09 (1.87–2.34)† | 1.86 (1.64–2.10)† |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | Ref | Ref |
| Widowed | 0.88 (0.81–0.95)† | 0.87 (0.79–0.95)† |
| Other | 1.17 (1.06–1.29)† | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) |
| Comorbidity | ||
| Without disease | Ref | Ref |
| Anemia | 1.20 (1.13–1.28)† | 1.19 (1.12–1.27)† |
| Heart failure | 1.16 (1.07–1.27)† | 1.13 (1.03–1.23)† |
| Hypertension | 1.11 (1.04–1.18)† | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) |
| PVD or PAD | 1.23 (1.11–1.35)† | 1.09 (0.98–1.22) |
| Urinary tract infection | 1.12 (1.06–1.20)† | 1.19 (1.10–1.28)† |
| Diabetes | 1.56 (1.43–1.70)† | 1.36 (1.25–1.47)† |
| Thyroid disorder | 1.07 (0.99–1.14) | 1.09 (0.99–1.19) |
| Arthritis | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 0.94 (0.84–1.04) |
| Osteoporosis | 1.06 (0.98–1.15) | 1.06 (0.95–1.17) |
| Stroke | 1.56 (1.44–1.68)† | 1.67 (1.55–1.80)† |
| Anxiety | 0.92 (0.88–0.97)† | 0.92 (0.87–0.97)† |
| Depression | 0.84 (0.79–0.88)† | 0.79 (0.75–0.84)† |
| Asthma | 1.12 (1.02–1.22)† | 1.12 (1.02–1.23)† |
| Provider type | ||
| MD | Ref | Ref |
| NP/PA | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) | 0.90 (0.85–0.96)† |
| Ownership‡ | ||
| Profit | Ref | Ref |
| Nonprofit or government | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 0.94 (0.89–1.00) |
| Quality§ | ||
| Rank 1–3 | Ref | Ref |
| Good (5-star rank >3) | 1.08 (1.04–1.13)† | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) |
| RN staffing§ | ||
| ≤Median | Ref | Ref |
| >Median | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) |
| Total staffing§ | ||
| ≤Median | Ref | Ref |
| >Median | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) |
| Certified beds§ | ||
| <100 | Ref | Ref |
| 100–200 | 1.12 (1.04–1.21)† | 1.07 (0.98–1.16) |
| >200 | 0.98 (0.83–1.14) | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) |
| Health service region | ||
| Temple | Ref | Ref |
| Lubbock | 0.61 (0.45–0.84)† | 0.89 (0.64–1.22) |
| Arlington | 1.26 (1.09–1.45)† | 1.27 (1.09–1.48)† |
| Tyler | 1.35 (1.15–1.58)† | 1.59 (1.33–1.89† |
| Houston | 2.41 (2.12–2.72)† | 2.17 (1.87–2.50)† |
| San Antonio (border) | 3.33 (2.54–4.20)† | 3.93 (3.04–4.93)† |
| San Antonio (not border) | 1.54 (1.31–1.81)† | 1.49 (1.24–1.77)† |
| El Paso (border) | 2.33 (1.85–2.88)† | 1.98 (1.50–2.57)† |
| El Paso (not border) | 0.63 (0.45–0.86)† | 0.69 (0.47–1.01) |
| Harlingen (border) | 4.58 (4.16–4.99)† | 4.26 (3.69–4.86)† |
| Harlingen (not border) | 1.95 (1.56–2.41)† | 2.01 (1.60–2.51)† |
| Metro county | 1.60 (1.47–1.74)† | 1.36 (1.22–1.50)† |
NP, nurse practitioner; PA, physician assistant; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; Ref, referent; RN, registered nurse.
*
Multivariable was a full mode with all covariates in the model.
†
P < .05.
‡
Ownership status in corresponding study year.
§
Average of 4 quarterly assessments in corresponding study year. For 2013, the facility without quarterly report was determined by average of 6 monthly assessments (July-December).