Table 2.
Estimated path coefficients for models in Fig. 1 fitted to the merged MCS and MCSP samples where the outcome variables are mental well-being (SWEMWBS) and psychological distress (KESSLER); and the main independent variable chronic illness has two forms, psychological and physical; only parameters for Wave 2 are shown for brevity, other path coefficients are similar (see SI6 for full set of parameters). Fitted with Full Information Maximum Likelihood. **p < 0.01, +p < 0.1. See Table 1 for hypotheses and predicted coefficient sign
| Outcome: | SWEMWBS | KESSLER | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | M6 | |||||||
| SWEMWBS /KESSLER on | b | se | b | se | b | se | b | se | b | se | b | se |
| Can rely on so | 0.066** | 0.005 | 0.063** | 0.005 | − 0.041** | 0.006 | − 0.038** | 0.006 | ||||
| Social provision | 0.258** | 0.011 | 0.255** | 0.011 | − 0.153** | 0.012 | − 0.149** | 0.012 | ||||
| Loneliness | − 0.477** | 0.008 | − 0.460** | 0.008 | 0.605** | 0.009 | 0.594** | 0.009 | ||||
| MCS (vs. MCSP) | − 0.301** | 0.011 | − 0.131** | 0.009 | − 0.153** | 0.009 | 0.613** | 0.012 | 0.398** | 0.010 | 0.417** | 0.011 |
| Chronic illness (psychological) | − 0.599** | 0.019 | − 0.335** | 0.017 | − 0.314** | 0.017 | 0.954** | 0.020 | 0.666** | 0.018 | 0.665** | 0.018 |
| Chronic illness (physical) | − 0.098** | 0.015 | − 0.054** | 0.010 | − 0.043** | 0.013 | 0.116** | 0.016 | 0.070** | 0.014 | 0.070** | 0.013 |
| Had covid | − 0.015 | 0.016 | 0.037** | 0.011 | ||||||||
| Relative died since pandemic | − 0.036* | 0.015 | 0.040** | 0.011 | ||||||||
| Vaccine acceptance | 0.012 | 0.008 | − 0.010 | 0.006 | ||||||||
| Risk attitude | 0.050** | 0.003 | − 0.030** | 0.002 | ||||||||
| Shield for covid risk | − 0.027 | 0.030 | 0.061** | 0.021 | ||||||||
| Can rely on so on | ||||||||||||
| MCS (vs. MCSP) | − 0.050** | 0.011 | − 0.027* | 0.012 | − 0.048** | 0.012 | − 0.025* | 0.012 | ||||
| Chronic illness (psychological) | − 0.301** | 0.024 | − 0.278** | 0.024 | − 0.293** | 0.023 | − 0.279** | 0.024 | ||||
| Chronic illness (physical) | − 0.046** | 0.013 | − 0.040* | 0.017 | − 0.032+ | 0.016 | − 0.023 | 0.017 | ||||
| Had covid | − 0.003 | 0.024 | − 0.003 | 0.014 | ||||||||
| Relative died since pandemic | 0.013 | 0.023 | − 0.018 | 0.014 | ||||||||
| Vaccine acceptance | 0.106* | 0.011 | 0.090** | 0.007 | ||||||||
| Risk attitude | 0.024** | 0.004 | 0.017** | 0.002 | ||||||||
| Shield for covid risk | − 0.085* | 0.042 | − 0.026* | 0.011 | ||||||||
| Social provision on | ||||||||||||
| MCS (vs. MCSP) | − 0.002 | 0.006 | 0.009 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 0.007 | 0.010 | 0.007 | ||||
| Chronic illness (psychological) | − 0.187** | 0.012 | -0.172** | 0.012 | − 0.191** | 0.012 | − 0.179** | 0.012 | ||||
| Chronic illness (physical) | − 0.037** | 0.008 | -0.032** | 0.008 | − 0.030** | 0.008 | − 0.027** | 0.009 | ||||
| Had covid | 0.007 | 0.012 | 0.018* | 0.008 | ||||||||
| Relative died since pandemic | − 0.003 | 0.012 | − 0.003 | 0.007 | ||||||||
| Vaccine acceptance | 0.059** | 0.006 | 0.047** | 0.004 | ||||||||
| Risk attitude | 0.014** | 0.002 | 0.011** | 0.001 | ||||||||
| Shield for covid risk | − 0.060** | 0.021 | − 0.017** | 0.006 | ||||||||
| Loneliness on | ||||||||||||
| MCS (vs. MCSP) | 0.438** | 0.016 | 0.358** | 0.009 | 0.360** | 0.009 | 0.361** | 0.009 | ||||
| Chronic illness (psychological) | 0.356** | 0.008 | 0.413** | 0.015 | 0.441** | 0.015 | 0.403** | 0.016 | ||||
| Chronic illness (physical) | 0.077** | 0.010 | 0.066** | 0.011 | 0.099** | 0.010 | 0.079** | 0.010 | ||||
| Had covid | − 0.004 | 0.016 | − 0.009 | 0.010 | ||||||||
| Relative died since pandemic | 0.014 | 0.015 | 0.021* | 0.009 | ||||||||
| Vaccine acceptance | − 0.050** | 0.007 | − 0.040** | 0.005 | ||||||||
| Risk attitude | − 0.032** | 0.002 | − 0.028** | 0.002 | ||||||||
| Shield for covid risk | 0.111** | 0.027 | 0.067** | 0.022 | ||||||||